
Book -, / c^ ."' 'o , 



Laws of Ohio 

Governing the 

Location 
Construction, Installation 

and Inspection of 
Plumbing and Drainage 



Ohio Building Code 
Part IV — Sanitation 

and 
General Information 

Issued by the 

State Department of Health 
t 

Division of Plumbing 

1917 



1 



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1 



f). tf ». 

NOV 22 1919 



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PLUMBING 

Definition 

Plumbing is the art of installing in buildings the pipes, 
fixtures and other apparatus for introducing the water 
supply and removing liquid and water-carried wastes. 
It must be installed in accordance with scientific prin- 
ciples and natural laws. 

Relation to Health 

The value of plumbing to public health is important 
because it removes human wastes from the immediate 
neighborhood of buildings. Plumbing also furnishes 
the opportunity for the liberal consumption and use of 
pure wholesome water for drinking, bathing, culinary 
and other domestic purposes. 

Water Supply and Service 

# 
Distribution 

The distribution of an adequate supply of water 
sufficient in volume and pressure to flush the various 
fixtures, is absolutely essential in maintaining a system 
of plumbing sanitary. 

Control 

A water service to a building is usually controlled 
by a combination of stop and waste cocks or valves. 
The first is known as a corporation stop which is tap- 
ped into the street main. The second, the curb stop, 
is located beneath the side walk, close to the curb, pro- 
tected by an iron case box. Third, the main house or 
meter stop and waste, is located within the cellar wall. 



Additional stops and wastes are necessary to control 
the branch supplies to each fixture. All shut-offs ex- 
cept where located immediately at each fixture, should 
be of the stop and waste pattern, with the waste on the 
, house or fixture side. 

Inferior Stops and Valves 

A cheap grade of stop and waste cocks and valves 
often used in the installation of water service and upon 
fixtures is false economy and expensive practice. In- 
convenience, annoyance, waste of water and continual 
repairs are the resulting penalties from this practice. 

Frost Proof 

Plumbing is not satisfactory if so exposed as to freeze 
during regular occupancy of the building and every 
precaution should be taken to locate the fixtures and 
design the piping system so that freezing will be un- 
likely. In unoccupied buildings, pipes, fixture traps and 
closet tanks should be drained. Closing the main stop 
and waste and opening all the faucets and valves in the 
building in order that air may enter the top of each 
line, will permit the water remaining in the system to 
run out by gravity. Glycerine and wood alcohol form 
the best anti-freezing and trap seal filling for fixture 
traps after the water has been removed. 

Danger of Pollution 

Cross connections made between roof water storage 
system, power motors and lifts, swimming pools and 
any private system of supply to the public supply may 
be the cause of pollution. Vigilant supervision must 
be exercised by health officials not only to prevent 
future, but to eliminate existing connections of this 
character. 

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Leakage and Wastage 

To secure and furnish an adequate water supply that 
is bacteriologically pure and dispose and treat liquid 
and water-carried waste to prevent stream pollution 
requires the expenditure of considerable money by 
municipalities. In many cities the public water supply 
is used for power purposes to operate washing ma- 
chines, waters motors and lifts and hydraulic elevators. 
It is obvious that water treated to make it fit for human 
consumption was never intended for power purposes. 
Such use not only adds to the cost of securing and 
distributing the water supply, but also to the cost of 
treating the increased volume of sewage in case the 
waste water reaches the sanitary or combined sewer. 
^The necessity of conserving a water supply is essen- 
tial and may be regulated by local officials. Leakage 
and wastage of water due to defective valves should 
never be tolerated even though the meter system is in 
vogue. 

Removal of Wastes 

Human excrement and urine represent the greatest 
hazards to man and are the most productive sources 
of disease. These wastes are oftentimes disposed of in 
privies, cesspools, over the back fence, into the public 
gutter, or in any manner that suits the individual. 
The odors and decompositions are offensive to the sense 
of sight and smell, necessitating the science of plumb- 
ing and regulation thereof. 

Plumbing Inspection 

Absence of Regulations and Inspection 

Cleanliness is the basic principle of sanitation and the 
plumbing fixtures provide a means of cleansing the 

5 



person and apparel and the removal of body and do- 
mestic wastes from the immediate neighborhood of 
buildings, but in the absence of regulations and in- 
spection, lack of knowledge and competition develop a 
class of material, construction and workmanship that 
is unfavorable to the health of a community. Insani- 
tary conditions are sure to result if each person is per- 
mitted to install a plumbing system according to his 
own ideas. The promotion of sanitation must be 
viewed as a matter of prevention and not of cure. 

Low First Cost Mistaken Economy 

A second class plumbing and drainage system in cost 
will prove itself a second class system in service. A 
year or so in service will reveal the inefficiency of the 
fixture, device or construction. Discomfort, inconven- 
ience, cost of repairs, foul odors, insanitary and un- 
healthful conditions ai-e the resulting penalties which 
the unfortunate occupant must pay. 

Legislation and Standardization 

Municipal control of plumbing dates back about 
thirty years and the first rules made conferred power 
on local governments to regulate insanitary affairs re- 
sulting in the adoption of many codes of rules and 
regulations widely separated and at variance in their 
requirements, which has retarded the progress and 
standardization of plumbing regulations. Recognizing 
the lack of uniformity in practice and the absence of 
the standardization of fixtures, device and construc- 
tion, the 79th General Assembly enacted a universal 
minimum standard state plumbing code (Sections 12,- 
600-137 to 12600-282 General Code), which makes it the 
duty of the state board of health or building inspector 
or commissioner or health departments of municipalities 



having building or health departments to enforce regu-^ 
lations relating and pertaining to sanitary plumbing. 

Nuisance 

Local boards of health are given the authority to 
abate and remove any nuisance within its jurisdiction 
caused by defective plumbing and drainage. (Sections 
4420 and 4421 General Code.) When a sanitary plumb- 
ing and drainage system is feasible and necessary but 
neglected and refused, the board may declare that a 
public nuisance exists and upon failure of the person 
responsible to comply with orders of the board, the 
board may proceed and furnish the labor and material 
necessary to install sanitary plumbing to remove the 
cause of complaint (Section 4421 General Code), and 
certify the cost and expense to the auditor of the 
county to be assessed against the property and thereby 
made a lien upon it and collected as other taxes. 

Authority of Board to Enforce Plumbing Regulations " 

Except in cities having building departments, the 
board of health has the authority to regulate the loca- 
tion, construction and repair of water closets, privies, 
cesspools, sinks, plumbing and drains. (Section 4420 
General Code.) Local boards of health may make 
such orders and regulations governing the installation 
of plumbing as may be deemed necessary for the pro- 
tection of the public health (Section 4413 General Code), 
that are not in conflict with the state laws (Section 
12600-277). 

Orders and Regulations 

Orders and regulations intended for the general pub- 
lic shall be adopted, advertised and recorded and cer- 
tified as are ordinances of municipalities. Orders and 

7 



regulations for its own government need not be adver- 
tised but must be recorded. (Section 4413 General 
Code. ) 

Enforcement of Part Four, Sanitation, Ohio State Build- 
ing Code 

Local boards of health are authorized to entorce 
Part 4, Sanitation, Ohio State Building Code, and to 
enforce their own orders relative to plumbing regulations 
(Section 4413 General Code), that are not in conflict 
with the State Law (Section 12600-277 General Code). 

Prosecution for Violations 

Prosecution for violations of local regulations is cov- 
ered by Section 4414 to 4418 General Code and for the 
violation of any of the sections of Part 4, Sanitation, 
Ohio State Building Code by Sections 12600-273 to 
12600-282 General Code. 

Appointment of Inspectors. Fees 

Local boards of health may appoint local plumbing 
inspectors (Section 4411 General Code), define their 
duties, ^-K their salaries (Section 4411-1 General Code), 
and may collect such fees as the ordinance provides. 
The fees so collected should be in proportion to the 
services rendered. 

Plumbers License 

Council by ordinance may authorize the licensing of 
plumbers, sewer tappers and vault cleaners. (Section 
3637 General Code.) 

Local Inspection 

Local boards of health in municipal corporations 
where there is a public water supply and sewerage sys- 
tem should regulate plumbing and provide for its inspec- 
tion. A graduated fee system] will make the work 

8 



partially, if not entirely, self sustaining. The duties of 
a plumbing inspector, superintendent of sewers and 
sanitary police are so closely related that a versatile 
official can usually be employed to fulfill the duties of the 
three positions in the smaller municipalities. 

State Inspection. State Buildings 

In the absence of local regulations and inspection or 
upon failure or refusal of local authorities to enforce 
Part 4, Sanitation, Ohio State Building Code (Section 
12600-137 to 12600-282 General Code), the state inspect- 
or of plumbing under the jurisdiction of the state 
board of health will make inspections in public, semi- 
public and quasi-public buildings (Section 1261-3 Gen- 
eral Code). The state board of health has jurisdiction 
in all state buildings or structures. 

Fees and Applications 

In the absence of local inspection it becomes the duty 
of the owner, his agent or the plumber to make appli- 
cation for inspection to the state board of health upon 
blanks furnished for the purpose, accompanied by the 
proper fee. In municipalities having local inspection, 
application should be made to the local official in 
authority. 

Duties and Qualifications of Inspectors 

Courtesy and practical knowledge of plumbing in- 
stallation, the ability to reasonably interpret and enforce 
plumbing laws impersonally and without discrimination, 
are requisites of a plumbing inspector. He should be 
selected from those persons who are well informed as 
to practical plumbing and skilled and well trained in 
matters pertaining to the sanitary regulations govern- 
ing plumbing work. An inspector should not during 
his term of office be engaged or interested in the plumb- 



ing business, or the sale of any plumbing supplies, nor 
should he act as agent directly or indirectly for any 
person so engaged. 

Inspections and Tests. Definition 

Plumbing inspection is to view critically the plumbing 
and drainage system of a building in order to ascertain 
if the quality, construction and installation are in ac- 
cord with good practice and sanitary laws. It is the 
supervision of the location of plumbing fixtures, their 
kind and surroundings and the method of connections 
to the drainage system. 

New Plumbing. Old Plumbing 

Plumbing Inspection can be divided into two classes: 
1st — Inspection of new plumbing in old or new build- 
ings when in the course of erection. 

2nd — Inspection in old buildings of plumbing that 

has deteriorated from natural causes, abuse or 

ignorance. 

From a Health Viewpoint 

. The plumbing in buildings is not strictly a require- 
ment affecting the safety of the structure, nor has it 
to do with the thickness of the walls, carrying weight 
or fire hazards, but it does directly aftect the comfort, 
convenience and health of the occupants and the in- 
stallation and supervision should be from the health 
standpoint and not a building construction standpoint. 

Re-inspection 

An annual re-inspection of plumbing in old buildings 
is necessary to maintain the system sanitary and free 
from defects. 



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Water Test 

All piping of a plumbing or drainage system should 
be given two tests — 

1st — The roughing in test with water, air or smoke 

before the work is concealed or enclosed. 
2nd — Or final— After the fixtures have been set and 

the work completed, with air or smoke. 

Old Plumbing — Smoke, Peppermint, Ether 

To ascertain the defects in an old system of plumb- 
ing, the smoke, ether or peppermint test should be 
applied. ( Section 12600-233 to 12600-245 General Code. ) 

hisanitary Conditions caused by Faulty or Defective 
Plumbing 

Insanitary conditions in buildings may be caused by 
the following defects in the construction, installation 
and ventilation of plumbing and drainage systems and 
plumbing fixtures: 

Untrapped plumbing fixtures. 

Fixtures with a large amount of fouling area. 

Loss of trap seal by siphonage, back pressure, mo- 
mentum or capillary attraction, that will emit foul 
odors from sewers into buildings. 

Leaky and defective pipes. 
. Stoppage in waste pipes due to inferior and defective 
installation. 

Absorbent materials used in fixture construction. 

Fixtures installed in ill-lighted and unventilated 
rooms. 

Fixtures without a water supply. 

Part of plumbing fixtures that come in contact with 
the human body must be as near /oo/-^roo/ as possible. 

Lack of proper cleanouts in the drainage system. 

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Plumbing fixtures enclosed or encased in wood. 

Pan, valve, plunger, offset, washout and other water 
closets having invisible seals or unventilated space, also 
the dry closet system. 

Walls and floors in rooms containing water closets 
and urinals that are not constructed of non-absorbent, 
indestructible material. 

Illegal connections from boilers that will permit the 
discharge of steam or hot water into a plumbing or 
drainage system. 

Discharge of volatile oils, such as gasoline, benzine 
and naphtha into the sewage system from dye houses 
and garages. 

Overflows frorfi cisterns used to store water, connect- 
ing direct with a sewer or cesspool. 

Connection from refrigerators, ice boxes, floor 
drains and soda fountains direct with the sewer. 

Plumbing fixtures should never be installed in rooms 
that are not provided with a window located in the 
external wall of the building or that is not provided 
with a system of ventilation, which will change the air 
in the room at normal temperature at least six times 
per hour. 

Installation of Public Conveniences 
Public Comfort Stations 

Necessity for 

If public comfort accommodations are necessary in 
public and semi-public buildings where a large number 
of people congregate, how much more necessary are 
toilet accommodations or public comfort stations in city 
squares, public parks and other places, which at times 
are congested by masses of people brought together 
for business or pleasure. 

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The Popular Use of 

The number of people that avail themselves of the 
advantages offered where stations have been erected is 
self-evident and proves the real necessity for conven- 
iences. 

Absence Responsible for Nuisance 

The absence of public convenience stations is respon- 
sible for many nuisances and it is a function of health 
officials to recommend and encourage the erection of 
public comfort stations to prevent nuisance and the 
pollution of alleys and streets. 

Authority to Build. Council 

Council by ordinance may establish, maintain and 
regulate public toilet stations (Section 3648 General 
Code.) 

County Commissioners 

County Commissioners have also authority to erect 
and maintain public convenience stations. (Sections 
2419, 2433, 2444 General Code.) 

Public Drinking Fountains 

General Distribution of Fountains Necessary 

The common drinking cup is insanitary in the ex- 
treme and goes a great way toward causing epidemics 
of diphtheria, epidemic sore throat, whooping cough 
and other diseases, not to mention the possibility of 
communicating tuberculosis and syphilis. If one per- 
son is affected with a communicable disease, a great 
danger exists of its spreading to others. Fresh water 
should be available and readily accessible to the pub- 
lic without the possibility of infection. It is a well- 
known fact that a liberal consumption of pure water 

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improves the general physical condition. Drinking 
fountains of a sanitary type, which require no cups, 
should be liberally provided in schools, playgrounds, 
public squares, prominent street corners and places 
where the public congregate for business and pleasure. 
The use of the common drinking cup is prohibited by 
a regulation adopted by the State Board of Health. 

Authority to Install 

Council may establish, maintain and regulate drink- 
ing fountains. (Section 3648 General Code.) 

Public Bath Houses 

Benefits 

The benefits of public bath houses are so numerous 
and the advantages to a community are so well known 
that any comment would seem unnecessary, except to 
point out that the liberal use of public bath houses 
wherever they have been erected, forcibly demonstrates 
the necessity for the erection of bath houses in all 
cities of whatever size. 

Lack of Bathing Facilities 

Investigation has shown that there is not a city or 
village throughout the state where bathing facilities 
are not lacking for the great masses of people. 
Baths in Schools and Public Buildings 

The basement of school houses and other buildings 
can easily and at small expense be fitted up with public 
baths. School buildings are evenly distributed and the 
children could avail themselves of the advantages dur- 
ing the daytime and the general public at night. 
Authority to Build 

Council has the authority to establish, maintain and 

regulate public baths and bath houses. (Section 3648 

General Code.) 

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Public Wash Houses 

Public wash houses have been found as great a boon 
in poor districts as have pubHc baths and the two go 
hand in hand. In many cities the pubHc baths are 
combined with public wash houses in one building and 
this practice is deemed economical and advisable. For 
a small fee of 4 or 5 cents per hour a wopian can have 
soap, water, light, heat a set of wash trays connected 
with hot and cold water, a corresponding rack in the 
drying room, the use of a mechanical washer, mangle 
and irons, and everything, in fact, that would be found 
in a fully equipped laundry. All she needs to bring is 
the soiled clothing, which will be taken away dry and 
clean. 

Sanitary Improvements for Summer Resorts 

There is a growing tendency to utilize summer resorts 
and other places of amusement. Frequently the sani- 
tary condition of such places is unsatisfactory and 
prejudicial to health. The provision of a satisfactory 
water supply and safe and sanitary method of sewage 
disposal is often neglected and the patrons are exposed 
to the danger of disease. A properly conducted summer 
resort should furnish the same sanitary conveniences 
which are demanded in a village or city and, unless 
these can be furnished, the resort is less desirable as a 
place for recreation and rest than would be the home 
of the individual. The health officer should carefully 
investigate sanitary conditions in summer resorts and 
places of amusement within the district under his jur- 
isdiction and he should require proper precautionary 
measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of 
disease. The State Board of Health has ruled that 



15 



plans for water supplies and sewerage systems for such 
places must be submitted for approval in accordance 
with Section 1240 General Code. 

Railroad Sanitation 

At the present time the common practice of disposal 
of closet wastes from electric and steam railroad trains 
is to discharge it at any point along the railroad right 
of way. The cars, both Pullman and day coaches, are 
equipped with closets which discharge directly under 
the cars. Unquestionably this practice is opposed to 
established principles of sanitation and in due time it 
may be expected that changes will be required. In 
some states, and in many municipalities, legislation has 
been enacted requiring the locking of closets on rail- 
road trains while they are within the limits of a muni- 
cipality. This practice is observed in some localities 
and by some railroads in the State of Ohio, but this is 
not generally the case. Each municipal council should 
pass an ordinance requiring the locking of closets in 
railroad trains and interurban cars while they are with- 
in the municipal limits and the local health authorities 
should enforce this regulation. 

Such ordinance should not apply to closets in sleepers 
which are placed on side-tracks or in railroad stations 
while still occupied. In this case it is necessary to 
make provision for use of the closets. The common 
practice is to hang a metal bucket on the car, which is 
intended to receive the sewage and to be emptied when 
necessary. This practice frequently results in a nui- 
sance due to carelessness in attending to the emptying 
of the receptacles and the consequent discharge of 
sewage on the ground or platform. Local regulations 
should recognize and require proper attention to this 

16 



matter. Sewer connections for disposal of liquid wastes 
from stationary cars would be beneficial in preventing 
the occurrence of nuisances. 

Of somewhat less importance, but nevertheless 
deserving of attention, is the method of disposal of ref- 
use swept from the cars. The common practice is to 
sweep such material from the coaches without regard 
to its proper disposal. Regulations should be enforced 
to prevent such practice within municipal limits at 
least. 

Miscellaneous Sanitary Requirements 
Gas Appliances 

Rubber Connections. Vent Pipes 

Boards of health should prohibit the use of rubber 
hose in the connection of cooking and heating stoves, 
likewise vent or fume pipes should be provided for all 
stoves and connected with a chimney or vent flue. 

Council May Regulate 

Council, by ordinance, may provide for gas inspec- 
tion and prescribe suitable charge for such inspection. 
(Section 3988 General Code.) 

Cuspidors 

Human sputum (spit) is dangerous to mankind. 
Cuspidors are used to expectorate in and require reg- 
ular attention to be maintained sanitary. The cleaning 
of cuspidors is repulsive and, therefore, often neglected. 
The modern flush rim water-supplied cuspidor with 
waste opening connected direct to a sewer offers a 
solution for the speedy and safe removal of this danger- 
ous and infectious waste matter. 

Roller Towel 

The use of the common roller towel in public toilet 
rooms of hotels, depots, waiting rooms, restaurants, 
17 



saloons, etc., should be prohibited by ordinance or reg- 
ulations and health officials should strictly enforce this 
law. The use of the ''common" towel is prohibited by 
a regulation adopted by the State Board of Health. 

Vacuum Cleaning 

Dry sweeping, dry dusting and other dirt raising 
methods are not conducive to health, and have, in a 
great measure, been replaced by the vacuum cleaning 
system. The disposal of matter collected by the vacuum 
cleaning system should not be permitted to be spread 
broadcast, but should be burnt or disposed of in a man- 
ner not injurious to public health. Many of these sys- 
tems are connected with the sewer system. 

Ventilation 

Ventilation is a process of moving foul air from any 
space and replacing it with fresh air. A positive dis- 
placement, however, does not take place. The incom- 
ing fresh air chiefly dilutes the foul air to a point 
suitable for healthful respiration. It is considered good 
practice to allow about 2,000 cubic feet of fresh air per 
hour for each inmate of a room or auditorium. Hos- 
pitals, and such places where the vitiation is due to 
exhalations from the diseased or sick, should be pro- 
vided with about twice this amount. 

There are different methods of ventilating rooms, 
chiefly, natural and forced ventilation. In natural 
ventilation systems where flues or ducts ar'C used, the 
drafts in the flues or ducts are caused by the difference 
in density between the air in the ducts and the outer 
atmosphere. The higher the temperature of the ducts, 
the more quickly will the change of air take place, 
hence, the necessity, where possible, of some means of 

18 



artificially heating the foul air flue or duct as quite 
frequently toilet rooms that are supposed to be venti- 
lated through the toilet fixture connected with vent 
flues or ducts not provided with exhaust fan, stack 
heater or accelerating coil, are found to be taking.fresh 
air supply through these toilet fixtures, a condition, 
which is the reverse of that which is intended, and 
which should not be tolerated. 

There are two classes of forced ventilation, the ple- 
num system and the vacuum system. The plenum 
system is that by which pure fresh air is blown through 
the building by means of a fan or other blower placed 
at the inlet. In this case the pressure of the air in the 
building is slightly greater than that of the outer at- 
mosphere. 

The vacuum system is that method of removing foul 
air from a building by means of an exhaust fan placed 
at the outlet of a vent flue or stack, causing a conse- 
quent inrush of air from outside or from points of least 
resistance. In the latter system the pressure of the 
air in the building is slightly lower than that of the 
outer atmosphere. The plenum system is the more 
wholesome and to be preferred where conditions per- 
mit of its installation. 

Foul air outlets should be placed near the floor and 
if possible diagonally opposite the fresh air supply. 
Fresh air inlets, if located near the floor, should be so 
arranged that the velocity of the fresh air will not exceed 
two ( 2 ) feet per second. A higher velocity is considered 
a perceptible draft. Pure air such as exists in the 
open country contains between three (3) and four (4) 
parts of carbon dioxide in ten thousand (10,000). 
Badly ventilated rooms often contain as much as twenty 
(20) to thirty (30) parts of carbon dioxide per ten 
thousand (10,000). Good ventilation is considered to 
19 



exist when the air contains a total of not more than 
six (6) to eight (8) parts carbon dioxide in ten thousand 
(10,000). Twelve (12) or more parts is considered ex- 
ceedingly dangerous. Life is sustained in the human 
body by a process of combustion in which the oxygen 
of the air is combined with the hydrogen and carbon 
of the assimilated food forming a new product, chiefly 
carbon dioxide. Therefore, a continuous supply of 
fresh air is essential to the sustaining of life. 

The following table gives the composition of pure air 
and respired air: 

Pure Respired 

Air Air 

Oxygen 20.38 16.3 

Nitrogen 78.08 75.3 

Carbon dioxide 0.04 3.4 

Water vapor 1.50 5 



100 100 

Note the ratio of increase of carbon dioxide in re- 
spired air over that of pure air. 

As respired air is immediately diffused in the air of 
the room it cannot be directly removed but diluted 
with fresh air until it ceases to be harmful. 

The following is an estimate of the amount of fresh 
air, which should be supplied per person under the 
different conditions: 

Cu.ft. Cu.ft. 

per per 

minute hour 

Hospitals, Medical and surgical 50 3,000 

Hospitals, Epidemic and contagious 100 6,000 

Theatres, low ceiling 35 2,100 

Theatres, lofty ceiling 25 1,500 

Prisons 30 1,800 

Workshops 30 1,800 

Meeting Halls 25 1,500 

High schools 30 1,800 

Grammar grade schools 25 1,500 

Primary grade schools 20 1,200 

20 



In hospitals a complete change of air should be 
effected from eight (8) to twelve (12) times per hour. 
In other classes of buildings six (6) times per hour. 
Ventilation from each room occupied by patients with 
contagious or infectious diseases shall have no connec- 
tion with the other ventilating ducts in the building. 

The following is approximately the minimum amount 
of floor space in sleeping rooms and apartments to be 
allowed each patient or inmate of an asylum, hospital 
or home: 

Adults Children Babies 

sq. ft. sq. ft. sq. ft. 

Private rooms in hospitals 100 75 55 

Dormitories in hospitals 90 65 45 

Cells in penal institutions 50 50 

Private rooms in other buildings 70 45 35 

Dormitories in other buildings 60 35 25 

CUBICAL CONTENTS IN SLEEPING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS 

_ Adults Children Babies 

cu. ft. cu.ft. cu.ft. 

Private rooms in hospitals 900 675 500 

Dormitories in hospitals 820 600 400 

Cells in penal institutions 400 400 

Private rooms in other buildings — 700 540 300 

Dormitories in other buildings 550 325 225 

Humidity 

Immediately associated with the problem of ventila- 
tion is that of humidity. 

The humidity of the air in schools and other public 
buildings is of more consequence than is usually sup- 
posed. 

The amount of moisture which air can hold at 
saturation per unit of volume increases very rapidly with 
the temperature. For example, air at seventy degrees 
(70°) will hold eight (8) grains of moisture per cubic 
foot, while at thirty-two degrees (32°) it can hold but 

21 



two (2) grains per cubic foot and at zero only five- 
tenths (0.5) grain. 

Air normally has a humidity varying from fifty (50) 
to seventy (70) per cent of saturation and if much 
below these limits it becomes uncomfortable, if not 
actually injurious to the health. Hence air at seventy 
(70°) should contain approximately five (5) grains of 
moisture per cubic foot, at thirty -two degrees (32°) it 
should contain about one and twenty-five hundredths 
(1.25) grains and at zero three- tenths (0.3) grains. 

Therefore, unless the proper precaution is taken in 
the installation of a heating system for the saturation 
of the air, the following condition will obtain. 

When the atmosphere outside is at freezing point or 
thirty-two degrees (32°) the humidity of the air when 
heated to seventy degrees (70°) will be only fifteen 
and five-tenths (15.5) per cent, or less than the humi- 
dity of the dryest climate known. 

It is this extreme dryness of the air in a heated room, 
which produces many of the discomforts commonly 
noticed, such as extreme thirst, a parched feeling in 
the nose and throat, lassitude and headache. The- 
effect of this extreme dryness of the air is evidently 
harmful to the mucous membrane in the nose, throat 
and lungs and may be considered a contributing source 
of many throat and pulmonary diseases. 

It is evident, therefore, that from a hygienic stand- 
point, the means for regulating the humidity should 
be considered side by side with proper ventilation. 

Ventilation of Garages 

The necessity of local ventilation for all garages in 
which automobiles are stored is forcibly demonstrated 
by the number of recent deaths from petro mortis or pet- 

22 



rol poisoning. Means for obtaining proper ventilation 
and fresh air supply for the small single car portable 
garage should not be overlooked by the manufacturers 
and the same precaution should be observed by persons 
designing other garages. 

In running the engine for a comparatively short 
time in a small closed garage, the entire supply of 
oxygen may be consumed and w^ithout the proper 
means for providing fresh air or discharging the nox- 
ious gases the lives of those within the garage are in 
danger. This danger is avoided in garages provided 
with proper ventilation as the air is changed with a 
frequency that prevents the accumulation of poisonous 
gases to a point considered dangerous. 

Sewer Air 

"Sewer air" means bad air and bad air means bad 
health and a man or woman handicapped by bad health 
cannot make a success in life and no human being 
would willingly select a sewer as an ideal place in which 
to live, nor would they willingly continue to breathe 
sewer air, sewer gas or sewer vapor. 

"Sewer air" is without smell and is only found in 
well constructed and ventilated sewers and contains 
double the amount of carbon dioxide that is present in 
the outside air. 

"Sewer gas" is the result of stagnation, deposit and 
putrefaction of sewage and is found in poorly constructed 
and poorly ventilated sewer systems. 

Analysis of the gases present in sewers shows the 
following to be the most prominent: 

Carbonic acid, nitrogen, carbureted hydrogen, sulphu- 
rated hydrogen, carbon disulphide, moisture and com- 
pounds of ammonia allied with methylamine and 
ethylamine. 

23 



STATE INSPECTOR OF PLUMBING 

An Act to create the office of State Inspector of Plumb- 
ing, defining the duties of the office, fixing the compen- 
sation of the incumbent thereof, and fixing a penalty 
for the violation of any of the provisions of this act. 
Ohio Laws, vol. 101, page 395; amended March 21, 1917. 
[Sections 1261-1 to 1261-15 General Code.] 
Section 1261-1 — State Inspector of Plumbing. There 
shall be, and is hereby, established and created in this 
state the office of state inspector of plumbing, under 
the direction and supervision of state board of health. 
Sec. 1261-2 — Appointment; qualifications; rules and 
regulations; registration; approval of plans and specifi- 
cations. It shall be the duty of the state board of 
health within ninety days after the passage and appro- 
val of this act, to appoint an elector of this state to fill 
the office of state inspector of plumbing, who shall hold 
office until such time as his successor may be appointed 
and qualified. The person so appointed must be a 
plumber with at least ten years experience. The state 
board of health may appoint such number of deputy 
inspectors as the necessities of the work shall require 
and the appropriations for such inspections will permit. 
Such deputy inspectors shall be pratical plumbers with 
at least seven years experience, and skilled and well 
trained in matters pertaining to sanitary regulations 
concerning plumbing work. The state board of health 
shall have the power to make and enforce rules and 
regulations governing plumbing and register those per- 
sons engaged in or at the plumbing business to carry 
out the provisions of this act. Plans and specifications 
for all sanitary equipment or drainage to be installed 
in or for buildings coming within the provisions of this 
act shall be submitted to and approved by the state 
board of health before the contract for installation of 
the sanitary equipment or drainage shall be let. (O. L. 
107, p— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261 -3jir-Duties; exceptions. It shall be the duty 
of said inspecl|||r of plumbing, as often as instructed by 
the state board tii health, to inspect any and all public or 
private institutions, sanitariums, hospitals, schools, pris- 
ons, factories, workshops, or places where men, women 
or chidren are or might be employed, and to condemn 
24 



any and all unsanitary or defective plumbing that may 
be found in connection therewith, and to order such 
changes in the method of construction of the drainage 
and ventilation, as well as the arrangement of the plumb- 
ing appliances, as may be necessary to insure the safe- 
ty of the public health. 

Such inspector shall not exercise any authority in muni- 
cipalities or other political subdivisions wherein ordi- 
nances or resolutions have been adopted and are being 
enforced by the proper authorities regulating plumbing 
or prescribing the character thereof. (O. L. 107, p. — 
Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-4 — Inspections. He shall hold himself in 
readiness at any and all times to go to any part of the 
state if so directed by the executive officer of the state 
board of health, for the purpose of making a sanitary 
inspection of any building or other place that he has 
reason to believe is in such a condition as to be a men- 
ace to the public health. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 
21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-5 — Certificates of inspection. When any 
building is found to be in a sanitary condition or when 
changes which are ordered in the plumbing, drainagW^ 
or ventilation have been made, and after a thorough w 
inspection on approval by said inspector of plumbing, 
he shall issue a certificate signed by himself and count- 
ersigned by the executive officer of the state board of 
health, which must be posted in a conspicuous place for 
the benefit of the public at large. Upon notification by 
said inspector, said certificate shall be revoked for any 
violation of this act. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 21, 
1917.) 

Sec. 1261-6— Fees. No plumbing work shall be 
done in this state in any building or other place com- 
ing within the jurisdiction of the state inspector of 
plumbing, except in cases of repairs or leaks in existing 
plumbing, until a permit has been issued by the state 
inspector of plumbing and the executive officer of the 
state board of health. Before granting such permit, an 
application shall be made by the owner of the property 
or by the person, firm or corporation who is to do the 
work. Such application shall be made on blanks pre- 
pared for the purpose, and each application shall be 

25 



accompanied by a fee of one (1) dollar, and an addi- 
tional fee of fifty (50) cents for each trap or vented 
fixture up to and including ten fixtures, and for each 
trap or vented fixture over ten a fee of twenty -five 
( 25 ) cents. The fees so collected shall be paid 
into the state treasury and credited to the general 
revenue fund. Whenever a re-inspection is made nec- 
essary by the failure of the plumbing contractor to 
have the work ready for inspection when so reported, 
or by reason of faulty or improper installation, he shall 
pay a fee of ten (10) dollars for each such inspection. 
(O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-7— Bond; approval. Within ten days after 
his appointment the said inspector shall give a bond, 
payable to the state of Ohio, for the faithful perform- 
ance of his duties in the sum of five thousand dollars. 
Said bond, when approved by the attorney general 
shall be deposited with the auditor of state. 

Sec. 1261-8 — Not to engage in plumbing business. 
No inspector so appointed shall, during his term of 
office, be engaged or interested in the plumbing busi- 
ness or the sale of any plumbing supplies, nor shall he 
act as agent, directly or indirectly, for any person or 
persons so engaged. (O. L. 107, p. — Passed March 
21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-9 — Compensation. The state inspector 
of plumbing and the deputy state inspectors shall 
receive such salaries as are fixed by the state board of 
health. The necessary traveling and other expenses 
of inspectors while in the performance of their official 
duties, shall be paid from the fund provided for that 
purpose. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-10 — Authority to enter buildings. State 
inspectors of plumbing shall have the power between 
sunrise and sunset to enter any building where there is 
good and sufficient reason to believe that the sanitary 
condition of such premises is such as to endanger the 
public health, for the purpose of making such inspection 
as may be necessary to ascertain the condition of the 
same. (O. L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-11 — Reports. The state inspector of 
plumbing shall report promptly to the state board of 
health the condition of all premises inspected by him 

26 



or by his deputies; also the number of inspections and 
changes ordered, as well as any other information 
concerning his office that they may requir^. (O. L. 
107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-12— Office, etc. The state inspector of 
plumbing shall be provided with a suitable office in the 
city of Columbus, as well as with all necessary appa- 
ratus for making tests, and such furniture, stationery 
and supplies as the business of his office may require. 
(O.L. 107. p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-1 3— Duty of owners of buildings. It shall 
be the duty of any owner, agent or manager, of any 
building where an inspection is made by said inspector 
of plumbing, to cause or have the entire system of 
drainage and ventilation repaired, as he may direct. 
After due notice to repair such work, it shall be the 
duty of said owner, agent or manager to notify said 
inspector of plumbing that such work is ready for his 
inspection. Failing to have the work ready for inspec- 
tion at the time specified in such notice, he shall be 
subject to such penalty as hereinafter provided. (O. 
L. 107, p.— Passed March 21, 1917.) 

Sec. 1261-14 — Penalty. Any person or persons, 
owner, agent or manager refusing, failing or neglect- 
ing to comply with any of the provisions of this act, 
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon 
conviction shall be subject to a fine of not less 
than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned for not less 
than ten nor more than ninety days or both; but no 
person shall be imprisoned under this section for the 
first offense, and the prosecution shall always be as 
and for a first offense, unless the affidavit upon which 
the prosecution is instituted contains the allegation 
that the offense is a second or repeated offense. 

Sec. 1261-15 — Arrest and Prosecution. It shall be 
the duty of said inspector of plumbing upon receipt of the 
knowledge that any part of this act has been violated, 
to go before any justice of the peace within the county, 
or a justice of the peace, mayot or police judge of the 
municipality where the offense was committed or the 
offending person resides, and cause the arrest and 
prosecution of all persons of whom he has reason to 
believe are guilty of such violations. (O. L. 107, p. — 
Passed March 21,1917.) 

27 



SECTIONS OF THE GENERAL CODE OF OHIO 
RELATING TO THE SANITATION OF 
WORKSHOPS, FACTORIES AND 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS WITH 
PROPOSED AMEND- 
MENTS AND 
ADDITIONS 



BAKESHOPS 



Section 1012 — Plumbing and Ventilation of Baker- 
ies. All bakeries shall be drained and plumbed in a 
sanitary manner and provided with such airshafts, 
windows or ventilating pipes, as the chief inspector of 
workshops and factories or a district inspector directs. 
No cellar or basement shall be used as a bakery. 

Sec. 1013 — Wash Rooms, Etc., Apart From Bakery. 

Each bakery shall be provided with a suitable wash 
room and water closet apart from the bake room where 
manufacturing of food products is conducted. No 
water-closet, earth-closet, privy or ash pit shall be in 
or communicate directly with a bakeshop or any bakery 
for a hotel or public restaurant. 

SWEAT SHOPS 

Sec. 1020 — Rooms Used for Manufacture of Wear- 
ing Apparel or Tobacco Goods. No dwelling or build- 
ing or room or apartment thereof in or connected 
with a tenement dwelling or other building shall be 
used, except by the immediate members of the family 
living therein, for carrying on any process of making 
wearing apparel or goods for wear, use or adornment, 
or for manufacturing cigars, cigarettes or tobacco goods 
in any form, if such wearing apparel or other goods 
28 



are to be exposed for sale or sold by a manufacturer, 
wholesaler or jobber or by a retailer, unless such room 
or apartment is made to conform to the requirements 
and regulations herein provided. 

Sec. 1021 — Entrances Required for Such Room. 
Each room or apartment used for the purposes named 
in the preceding section, except by the immediate 
members of the family living therein, shall be regarded 
as a shop or factory, and shall be separate from and 
have no door, window or other opening into a living or 
sleeping room of a tenement or dwelling. No such 
shop or factory shall be used for living or sleeping 
purposes or contain any bed, bedding or cooking 
utensils, or other utensils, except those required to 
carry on the work therein. Each such shop or factory 
shall have a direct entrance from the outside and if 
above the first floor, have a separate and distinct 
stairway leading thereto, and be well and sufficiently 
lighted, heated and ventilated. 

Sec. 1022 — Water Closets for Such Rooms. A shop 
or factory used for the purposes named in the preced- 
ing two sections shall have suitable closet arrange- 
ments for each sex employed therein. When there are 
ten or more persons and three or more to the number 
of twenty-five are of either sex, a separate and distinct 
water closet, either inside the building with adequate 
plumbing and connections, or on the outside at least 
twenty feet from the building shall be provided for 
each sex. When the number employed is more than 
twenty-five of either sex, there shall be provided an 
additional water closet for each sex up to the number 
of fifty persons and above that number in the same 
ratio. Such closets shall be kept exclusively for the 
use of the employes or employers in such shop or 
factory. 

29 



Sec. 1023 — Inspector May Require Certain Changes. 

If more than one room is used under the direction of 
one employer for the purposes named in the preceding 
three sections, such rooms shall be regarded as one 
shop or factory. Each shop or factory shall be kept in 
a clean and wholesome condition, stairways and prem- 
ises within the radius of thirty feet shall be kept 
clean, and closets regularly disinfected and supplied 
with disinfectants. The chief inspector of workshops 
and factories or a district inspector may require 
necessary changes or the cleaning, painting or white- 
washing necessary to insure absolute freedom from 
odor, filth, vermin, decaying matter or any other thing 
liable to impair health or breed infectious or contag- 
ious diseases. Such inspector shall prevent the opera- 
tion of such shops and factories, if they do not conform 
to the provisions of the preceding sections, and cause 
the arrest and prosecution of the persons operating 
them. 

WORKSHOPS AND FACTORIES 

Sec. 1009 — Inside Water Closets and Dressing 
Rooms. The owner or person having charge of the 
building wherein any female is employed shall provide 
in each establishment on the same floor or the floor 
immediately below the floor where such employe works, 
suitable and separate toilet and dressing rooms and 
water-closets, properly ventilated, for the exclusive 
use of such employes. Such toilet and dressing-rooms 
and water-closets shall be situated together, with one 
water-closet for every twenty -five females or less, and 
where there are more than twenty-five females, addi- 
tional water-closets shall be provided in the same ratio; 
no toilet or dressing room or water-closet shall be placed 
in the basement or cellar unless females are actually 

30 



and regularly employed therein, and unless such 
basement or cellar is properly ventilated. 

Outside Water Closets. (See Title 18, Sec. 12600- 
265.) 

BUILDINGS FOR PUBLIC USE 

Sec. 12590— Ventilation. The ventilating system 
or machinery in such building, structure, room or place 
shall be capable of changing the air in such room every 
thirty minutes; in rooms containing lavatories and 
water-closets, every ten minutes. In addition, lavator- 
ies and water closets shall have soil and waste pipes 
fully ventilated to the outside air. 

OHIO STATE BUILDING CODE 



An Act 



Establishing a building code, regulating the construc- 
tion of, repair of, alternation on and additions to 
public and other buildings and parts thereof; regulat- 
ing the sanitary condition of public and other build- 
ings providing for fire protection and fire prevention; 
and providing for the construction and erection of 
elevators, stairways and fire escapes in and upon 
public buildings. 

ADMINISTRATIVE 

(12600-274 to 12600-282 G. C.) 

[O. L. Vol. 102, P. 586.] 

Passed May 31, 1911. 

Section 12600-274— It shall be unlawful for any 
owner or owners, officers, board, committee or other 
person to construct, erect, build, equip, or cause to be 
constructed, erected, built or equipped any opera house, 
hall, theater, church, schoolhouse, college, academy, 
31 



seminary, infirmary, sanitorium, children's home, hospi- 
tal, medical institute, asylum, memorial building, armory 
assembly hall or other building used for the assem- 
blage or betterment of people in any municipal corpora- 
tion, county or township in this state, or to make any 
addition thereto or alteration thereof, except in case 
of repairs for maintenance without affecting the con- 
struction, sanitation, safety or other vital feature of 
said building or structure, without complying with the 
requirements and provisions relating thereto contained 
in this act. 

Sec. 12600-275— It shall be unlawful for any archi-| 
tect, builder, civil engineer, plumber, carpenter, mason j 
contractor, sub-contractor, foreman or employe to| 
violate or assist in violating any of the provisions con-^ 
tained in this act. | 

Sec. 12600-276- Each section of this act and every? 
part of each section is hereby declared to be independ-^ 
ent sections and parts of sections, and the holding oi\ 
any section or part thereof to be void and ineffective j 
for any cause shall not be deemed to affect any other i 
section or part thereof. j 

Sec. 12600-277— Nothing herein contained shall be ] 
construed to limit the council of municipalities from ' 
making further and additional regulations, not in con- ^ 
fiict with any of the provisions in this act contained . 
nor shall the provisions of this act be construed toi 
modify or repeal any portions of any building code i 
adopted by a municipal corporation and now in force ' 
which are not in direct conflict with the provisions of i] 
this act. Where the use of another fixture, device or ■; 
construction is desired at variance with whatisdescrib- ' 
ed in this statute, plans, specifications and details shall J 
be furnished to the proper state and municipal > 
32 i 



•authorities mentioned in section 1 for examination and 
approval and if required actual tests shall be made to 
the complete satisfaction of said state and municipal 
authorities that the fixture, device or construction pro- 
posed answers to all intent and purposes the fixture, 
device or construction hereafter described in this statute, 
instead of actual tests satisfactory evidence of such 
tests may be presented for approval with full particu- 
lars of the results and containing the names of witnesses 
of said tests. 

Sec. 12600-278— The provisions of this act shall 
not apply to the construction or erection of any public 
building or to any addition thereto or alternation 
thereof, the plans and specifications of which have 
been heretofore submitted to and approved by the 
chief inspector of workshops and factories. The 
provisions of this act shall not apply to the construction, 
erection or equipping of any public building, addition 
thereto or alteration thereof, the contract for the 
construction, erection or equipping of which has been 
let or entered into prior to the date at which this act 
takes effect. 

Chapter Penalties 

Sec. 12600-279 — Whoever being the owner or hav- 
ing the control as an officer, or as a member of a board 
or committee or otherwise of any opera house, hall, 
theater, church, school -house, college, academy, semi- 
nary, infirmary, sanitorium, children's home, hospital, 
medical institute, asylum, memorial buildings, armory, 
assembly hall or other buildings for the assemblage or 
betterment of people in any municipal corporation, 
township or county in this state, violates any of the 
provisions of the foregoing act or fails to conform to 
any of the provisions thereof, or fails to obey any 
(2) 33 



order of the state fire marshal, chief inspector of work- 
shops and factories or building inspector or com- 
missioner in cities having a building inspection depart- 
ment, or the state board of health in relation to the 
matters and things in this act contained shall be guilty 
of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall 
be fined not more than one thousand dollars and stand 
committed until said fine and costs be paid or secured 
to be paid or until otherwise discharged by the due 
process of law. 

Sec. 12600-280— Any architect, civil engineer, build- 
er, plumber, carpenter, mason, contractor, subcon- 
tractor, foreman, or employe who shall violate or 
assist in the violation of any of the provisions of this 
act or of any order issued thereunder shall be guilty of 
a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be 
fined not more than one thousand dollars and to stand 
committed until said fine and costs are paid or secured 
to be paid or until otherwise discharged by due process 
of law. 

Sec. 12600-281— It shall be the duty of the state 
fire marshal or fire chief of municipalities having fire 
departments to enforce all the provisions herein con- 
tained relating to fire prevention. 

It shall be the duty of the chief inspector of work- 
shops and factories or building inspector, or commis- 
sioner of buildings in municipalities having building 
departments to enforce all the provisions herein con- 
tained for the construction, arrangement and erection 
of all public buildings or parts thereof, including the 
sanitary condition of the same, in relation to the heat- 
ing and ventilation thereof. 

It shall be the duty of the state board of health or 
building inspector or commissioner, or health depart- 

34 



merits of municipalities having building or health 
departments to enforce all the provisions in this act 
contained, in relation and pertaining to sanitary plumb- 
ing. But nothing herein contained shall be construed 
to exempt any other officer Or department from the 
obligation of enforcing all existing laws in reference to 
this act. 

Sec. 12600-282— A justice of the peace, mayor or 
police judge shall have final jurisdiction within his 
county in a prosecution for a violation of any provision 
of the foregoing act. 

CLASSES OF BUILDINGS 

Section 12600-1— Under part two ^^ will be found 
under their respective titles, the various classes of 
buildings covered by this code together with the special 
requirements for their respective design, construction 
and equipnient. 

The classification of the various buildings will be 
found under the following titles, viz: 
Title 1 — Theaters and assembly halls. 
Title 2— Churches. 
Title 3 — School buildings. 
Title 4 — Asylums, hospitals and homes. 
Title 5 — Hotels, lodging houses, apartment and tene- 
ment houses. 
Title 6— Club and lodge buildings. 
Title 7 — Workshops, factories and mercantile establish- 
ments. 

Buildings or parts of buildings used only for the 
specific purpose mentioned under their respective title 
and classification shall be designed, constructed and 
equipped as called for under all of the sections coming 
under such title and classification. 

35 



Buildings used for two or more, different kinds of 
occupancy and combining the classifications covered 
under two or more different titles shall be designed, 
constructed and equipped according to all of the various 
sections of the different titles affecting such building 
or parts of such building. 

The detailed requirements of the above mentioned 
special requirements, together with standard devices 
will be found in subsequent Parts of this code. 

THEATERS AND ASSEMBLY HALLS 

Section 12600-32 — Sanitation. Theaters and as- 
sembly halls seating or accommodating three hundred 
(300) or more persons shall be provided with a sanitary 
equipment as follows: 

Where water supply and a sewerage system are 
available a sanitary equipment shall be installed as 
follows: 

Separate water closets in connection with the stage 
shall be provided for males and females. 

Separate drinking fountains shall be provided for the 
stage and auditorium. 

In the auditorium one drinking fountain shall be 
provided to each four hundred (400) persons or less. 
Fountains to have jet giving a continuous flow of water. 
No cup or tumbler shall be used in the building, except 
it be destroyed after serving one person. 

Separate toilet rooms in connection with the audi- 
torium shall be provided for males and females in each 
tier or level and in these shall be installed the follov/- 
ing fixtures, viz., one water closet to each one hundred 
(100) females or less; one water closet to each two 
hundred (200) males or less and one urinal to each 
two hundred- (200) males or less. The above number 
of fixtures shall be based upon the maximum seating 
36 



capacity, and it shall be assumed that the audience 
will be equally divided between males and females. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 
''Men's toilet" and for females "Women's toilet." 

If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- 
able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within 
the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), 
closets and urinals in the above proportion shall be 
placed on the theater or assembly hall grounds and no 
water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occu- 
pied building than twenty (20) feet. 

If lavatories are used the same shall have no wastes 
plugs or stoppers, except lavatories placed in the dress- 
ing rooms used in connection with the stage. 

Where pumps or hydrants are used the outlets shall 
be inverted. 

Proposed Amendments and Additions 

Sanitation. Theaters and assembly halls seating or 
accommodating three hundred (300) or more persons 
shall be provided with a sanitary equipment as follows: 

Where water supply and a sewerage system are avail- 
able a sanitary equipment shall be installed as follows: 

Separate water closets in connection with the stage 
shall be provided for males and females, except when 
the area of the stage does not exceed three hundred 
(300) square feet, the same water closet may be used 
for males and females. 

A drinking fountain shall be provided for the stage, 
when the floor area of the stage exceeds three hundred 
(300) square feet. 

In the auditorium one drinking fountain shall be 
provided to each four hundred (400) persons or frac- 
tion thereof. Fountains to have jet giving a continu- 
ous flow of water, or may be operated by ring or foot 
valve. 

37 



Separate toilet rooms in connection with the audi- 
torium shall be provided for males and females and in 
these shall be installed the following fixtures, viz: 

For theaters giving entertainments of not more than 
one hour duration; one water closet to each four hun- 
dred (400) males or fraction thereof. 

One water closet to each two hundred (200) females 
or fraction thereof. 

One urinal to each two hundred (200) males or frac- 
tion thereof. 

For all other Theaters and Assembly Halls: one 
water closet to each three hundred (300) males or 
fraction thereof. 

One water closet to each one hundred and fifty (150) 
females or fraction thereof. 

One urinal to each one hundred and fifty (150) 
males or fraction thereof. 

Each tier or level accommodating more than three 
hundred (300) persons, shall be provided with separate 
toilet rooms for males and females in and for such 
tier or level. 

The above number of fixtures shall be based upon the 
maximum seating capacity, and it shall be assumed 
that the audience will be equally divided between males 
and females, except in the third tier or level in which 
it shall be assumed that the audience will be divided 
in the proportion of two (2) males to one (1) female. 

No lavatory, except lavatories placed in the dressing 
rooms, used in connection with the stage, shall be pro- 
vided with waste plugs or stoppers. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 
"Men's Toilet" and for females 'Women's Toilet." 

If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- 
able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within the 
building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), 
38 



closets and urinals in the above porportion shall be 
placed -on the theater or assembly hall grounds and no 
water closet or urinal shall be placed nearer any occu- 
pied building than twenty (20) feet. 



SCHOOL BUILDINGS 

Section 12600-50 — Dimensions of school and class 
rooms. Floor Space. The minimum floor space to 
be allowed per person, in school and class rooms, shall 
not be less than the following, viz.: 

Primary grades sixteen (16) square feet per person. 

Grammar grades eighteen (18) square feet per 
person. 

High schools twenty (20) square feet per person. 

All other school and class rooms twenty -four (24) 
square feet per person. 

Cubical Contents. The gross cubical contents of 
each school and class room, shall be of such a size as 
to provide for each pupil or person not less than the 
following cubic feet of air space, viz.: Primary grades 
200 cubic feet, grammar grades 225 cubic feet, high 
schools 250 cubic feet and in grade B buildings 300 
cubic feet. 

Height of Stories. Toilet, play and recreation 
rooms shall be not less than eight (8) feet high in the 
clear measuring from the floor to the ceiling line. 

The height of all rooms, except toilet play and rec- 
reation rooms shall be not less than one-half the aver- 
age width of the room, and in no case less than ten 
(10) feet high. 

Capacity of Rooms. The plans shall be clearly 
marked showing the maximum number of pupils or 
persons to be accommodated in each room. 

- 39 



Section 12600-51— Rest Rooms. In all school build- 
ings of grade ''A" containing four and not more than 
eight school or class rooms, a rest or hospital room 
shall be provided, and in all school buildings of grade 
"A" containg more than eight school or class rooms, 
two such rooms shall be provided. 

These rooms shall be provided with a couch and sup- 
plies for the first aid to the injured, and where water 
supply is available shall be provided with water closets 
and sinks. 

Proposed Amendment 

Rest Rooms. In all school buildings of grade "A" 
containing four and not more than eight (8) school or 
class rooms, a rest or hospital room shall be provided, 
and in all school buildings of grade "A" containing 
more than eight school or class rooms, two such rooms 
shall be provided. 

Where a water supply is available each rest room 
shall be provided with water closet and sink. 

Sec. 12600-54 — Optics. The proportion of glass 
surface in museums, libraries and art galleries, shall 
be not less than one (1) square foot of glass to 
each six (6) square feet of floor area. 

The proportion of glass in each class, study, recitation, 
high school room and laboratory, shall not be less than 
one (1) square foot of glass to each five (6) square 
feet of floor area. (For glass surface in rooms used for 
domestic science and manual training, see part 2, title 7, 
workshops, factories and mercantile establishments.) 

The proportion of glass surface in each play, toilet 
or recreation room, shall be not less than one (1) 
square foot of glass to each ten (10) square feet of 
floor area. 

40 



Windows shall be placed either at the left, or the 
left and rear of the pupils when seated. 

Tops of windows, except in libraries, museums and 
art galleries shall not be placed more than eight (8") 
inches below the minimum ceiling height as established 
under section 7. 

The unit of measuremerrt for the width of a properly 
lighted room, when lighted from one side only, shall be 
the height of the window head above the floor. 

The width of all class and recitation rooms when 
lighted from one side only, shall never exceed two and 
one-half times this unit measured at right angles to the 
source of light. 

All windows shall be placed in the exterior walls of 
the building, except for halls, corridors, stock and sup- 
ply closets which may be lighted by ventilated sky- 
lights or by windows placed in interior walls or parti- 
tions. 

Museums, libraries and art galleries may be lighted 
by skylights, or clear story windows. 

Sec. 12600-65— Sanitation. Where a water supply 
and sewerage system are available a sanitary equipment 
shall be installed as follows: 

In the superstructure of the building one sink and 
one drinking fountain shall be installed on each floor 
to each six thousand (6000) square feet of floor area 
or less. 

In the basement one sink and one drinking fountain 
shall be installed on the males' side and the same on 
the females' side to each three hundred and fifty (350) 
pupils, or less. 

Sinks shall be the ordinary slop sinks, or in lieu of 
same, lavatories may be used providing the waste plug 
or stopper has been removed. 

41 



Sanitary schoolhouse drinking fountains with jet 
giving a continuous flow of water shall be installed, and 
no tin cups or tumblers shall be allowed in or about 
any school building. 

In libraries, museums and art galleries there shall 
be provided the following fixtures, viz: 

One water closet to each one hundred (100) females, 
or less. 

One water closet to each two hundred (200) males 
or less. 

One urinal to each two hundred (200) males, or less. 

The above to be based upon the actual number of 
persons to be accommodated, the capacity, being estab- 
lished as prescribed under section 12, means of egress. 

In all other school buildings there shall be provided 
the following fixtures, viz.: 

One water closet for each fifteen (15) females or less. 

One water closet for each twenty-five (25) males or 
less. 

One urinal for each fifteen (15) males or less. 

Toilet accommodations for males and females shall 
be placed in separate rooms, with a traveling distance 
between the same of not less than twenty (20) feet. 

Juvenile or short closets shall be used for primary 
and grammar grade schools. This does not apply 
when latrine closets are used. 

In buildings accommodating males and females it 
shall be presumed that the occupants will be equally 
divided between males and females. 

Where water supply and sewerage systems are not 
available no sanitary equipment shall be installed with- 
in the building, but pumps in lieu of drinking fountains, 
closets and urinals in the above proportions shall be 
placed upon the school building grounds, and no closets 

42 



or urinals shall be placed nearer any occupied build- 
ing than (50) feet. 

Where pumps or hydrants are used the outlet shall 
be inverted. 

Buildings more than three stories in height shall be 
provided with toilet rooms in each story and basement, 
and in these shall be installed water closets and urinals 
in the above required ratios in proportion to the num- 
ber of persons to be accommodated in the various 
stories. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked ''Boys' 
toilet" or ''Men's toilet" and for females "Girls' toilet" 
or "Women's toilet." 

Proposed Amendments and Additions 

Sanitation. Where a water supply and sewerage 
system are available a sanitary equipment shall be in- 
stalled as follows: 

Drinking fountains shall be provided as follows: viz.: 
In grade "A" school buildings one in each story of the 
superstructure to each six thousand (6000) square 
feet of floor area or less; and, one, in the basement to 
each two hundred (200) males or less and one to each 
two hundred (200) females or less. 

In all other buildings one drinking fountain shall be 
provided to each six thousand (6000) square feet of 
floor area or less. These shall be centrally located 
and if more than one is required they shall be located 
in different stories of the building. 

Drinking fountains shall have a jet giving a continu- 
ous flow of water or be operated by a ring or foot 
valve. 

"A" grade school buildings shall be provided with 
slop sinks in the number as prescribed for drinking 

43 



fountains, or in lieu of slop sinks lavatories without 
stoppers may be used. 

In colleges, academies and seminaries one lavatory 
without stopper shall be provided to each one hundred 
(100) persons. 

In libraries, museums and art galleries there shall be 
provided the following fixtures, viz.: 

One water closet to each fifty (50) females or frac- 
tion thereof. 

One water closet to each one hundred (100) males 
or fraction thereof. 

One urinal to each one hundred (100) males or frac- 
tion thereof. 

The above to be based upon the actual number of 
persons to be accommodated, the capacity being es- 
tablished as prescribed under means of egress. 

In all other school buildings there shall be provided 
the following fixtures, viz.: 

One water closet for each fifteen (15) females or 
fraction thereof. 

One water closet for each twenty -five (25) males or 
fraction thereof. 

One urinal for each fifteen (15) males or fraction 
thereof. 

Toilet accommodations for males and females shall be 
placed in separate rooms, with a traveling distance be- 
tween the same of not less than twenty (20) feet. 

Juvenile or short closets shall be used for primary and 
grammar grade schools. This does not apply when 
latrine closets are used. 

In buildings accommodating males and females it 
shall be presumed that the occupants will be equally 
divided between males and females, unless such build- 
ing be used exclusively by either sex or a different 
constant proportion is known. 
44 



Where water supply and sewerage systems are not 
available no sanitary equipment shall be installed with- 
in the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking foun- 
tains), closets and urinals in the above proportions 
shall be placed upon the school building grounds, and 
no closets or urinals shall be placed nearer any occu- 
pied building than fifty (50) feet. 

Buildings more than (3) stories in height shall be 
provided with toilet rooms in each story and basement 
and in these shall be installed water closets and urinals 
in the above prescribed ratios in proportion to the 
number of persons to be accommodated in the various 
stories. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Boys' 
toilet" or "Men's toilet" and for females "Girls' toilet 
or "Women's toilet." 

SANITATION, PLUMBING AND VENTILATION OF 

ASYLUMS, HOSPITALS, HOMES AND 

PENAL INSTITUTIONS 

Sanitation. Separate toilet accommodations shall 
be provided for males and females in each story and 
in each section of the building. 

No toilet room shall connect directly with any kitchen, 
dining room or other room where edibles are prepared 
or consumed, and no water closet shall be placed in 
any room or apartments used for sleeping or living 
purposes, except in cells of penal institutions. 

Walls, ceilings and floors of cells in penal institutions 
shall be made of nonabsorbent indestructible material. 

All basements shall have a damp-proof or water- 
proof floor properly drained to carry off surface water. 

Floors of all diet kitchens and operating rooms in- 
cluding the various apartments connected therewith 
45 



shall have floors and base of non-absorbent inde- 
structible material and all floors of toilet rooms, lava- 
tories, water closet compartments or any enclosure 
where plumbing fixtures are used within the building 
shall have a water-proof floor and base the same as 
prescribed under Part 4, Sanitation, Title 12, Section 
12600-230. 

No garbage chute shall be erected in or be connected 
with any buildings included under this classification. 

Kitchens shall be provided with a system of ventila- 
tion, which will change the air not less than six (6) 
times per hour. 

Each individual cell or dungeon shall be provided 
with a ventilating flue connecting with an exhaust fan 
or other efficient method for removing the foul air. 

Plumbing flxtures shall be provided in the following 
proportions: 
For Penal Institutions. 

1 water closet placed in each cell. 

1 lavatory placed in each cell 
For Hospitals. 

1 lavatory to each twenty (20) persons or fraction 
thereof. 

1 water closet to each forty (40) females or fraction 
thereof. 

1 water closet to each fifty (50) males or fraction 
thereof. 

1 urinal to each fifty (50) males or fraction thereof. 

1 bath to each fifteen (15) persons or fraction 
thereof. 

1 drinking fountain to each fifty (50) persons or 
fraction thereof. 
For all Other Buildings. 

1 lavatory to each ten ( 10) persons or fraction thereof. 

46 



1 water closet to each twenty (20) females or frac- 
tion thereof. 

1 water closet to each twenty-five (25) males or 
fraction thereof. 

1 urinal to each ftfty (50) males or fraction thereof. 

1 bath to each seven (7) persons or fraction thereof. 

1 drinking fountain to each thirty (30) persons or 
fraction thereof. 

No doors shall be used on stalls to boys' water closets 
in juvenile homes. 

Lavatories shall not be provided with waste plugs 
or stoppers, 

Drinking fountains shall give a continuous flow of 
water or be operated by a ring or foot valve. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 
"Boy's toilet" or ''Men's toilet" and for females "Girl's 
toilet" or "Women's toilet". 

CLUB AND LODGE BUILDINGS 

Sanitation. Where a water supply and sewerage 
system are available a sanitary equipment shall be in- 
stalled within the building as follows: 

If the building is used by males and females, separate 
toilet rooms shall be provided for each sex, and the 
traveling distance between the entrance doors to such 
toilet rooms shall not be less than twenty (20) feet. 

No toilet room shall connect directly with any 
kitchen, dining room or other room where edibles are 
prepared or consumed. 

The number of plumbing fixtures to be installed in 
club and lodge buildings shall not be less than given 
in the following table. The same shall be based on the 
maximum number of persons to be accommodated 
under normal conditions after making the proper 
reduction for unoccupied rooms. 
47 



(See means of egress, for the method of establishing 
the capacity of the rooms.) 

One lavatory to each one hundred (100) persons or 
fraction thereof. 

One water closet to each seventy (70) females or 
fraction thereof. 

One water closet to each one hundred (100) males or 
fraction thereof. 

One urinal to each one hundred (100) males or frac- 
tion thereof. 

One drinking fountain to each one hundred (100) 
persons or fraction thereof. 

Minor assembly halls built in connection with and» 
as a necessary adjunct to a school building hospital 
hotel, workshop, factory or mercantile establishment 
need not be supplied with any sanitary equipment other 
than that prescribed for the buildings which it serves. 

Lavatories shall be provided with waste plugs or 
stoppers. 

Drinking fountains giving a continuous flow of water 
or operating by a ring or foot valve shall be installed. 

If a water supply and sewerge system are not avail- 
able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within 
the building; but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), 
water closets and urinals in the above proportions shall 
be placed on the building ground, and no water closet 
or urinal shall be placed nearer any occupied building 
than twenty (20) feet. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 
"Boys' toilet" or "Men's toilet" and for females "Girls* 
toilet" or Women's toilet". 

ROOF GARDENS 

Sec. 40. — D. Sanitation. Roof gardens shall be pro- 
vided with a sanitary equipment as prescribed for 
48 



theaters, but such equipment may be located in the 
story immediately below the roof garden level. 

The number of persons to be accommodated shall be 
based upon the actual number of persons to be ac- 
commodated in stationary seats or benches, plus an 
additional person to each fifteen (15) square feet of 
area of the public parts of such roof garden where 
stationary seats and benches are not prescribed. 

CHURCHES 

Sec. 24.— Sanitation. Churches seating or accommo- 
dating three hundred (300) or more persons shall be pro- 
vided with a sanitary equipment as follows: Where a 
water and sewerage system are available a sanitary 
equipment shall be installed as follows: Separate toilet 
rooms shall be provided for males and females and in 
these shall be installed the following fixtures, viz.: one 
water closet to each one hundred and fifty (150) fe- 
males or fraction thereof. 

One water closet to each three hundred (300) males 
or fraction thereof. 

One urinal to each one hundred and fifty (150) males 
or fraction thereof. 

Drinking fountains giving a continous flow of water 
or operated by a ring or foot valve shall be provided 
in the ratio of one fountain to each four hundred (400) 
persons or fraction thereof. 

The above shall be based on the maximum seating 
capacity of the auditorium, Sabbath school and balcon. 
ies and it shall be presumed that the audience will be 
equally divided between males and females. 

No lavatories shall be provided with a waste plug or 
stopper. 

Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked 
'MEN'S TOILET" and for females, "WOMEN^S, 
TOILET." 

49 



If a water supply and sewerage system are not avail- 
able no sanitary equipment shall be installed within 
the building, but pumps (in lieu of drinking fountains), 
closets and urinals in the above proportion shall be 
placed on the church grounds, and no water closet or 
urinal shall be placed nearer any occupied building 
than twenty (20) feet. 

PART 4 

SANITATION 
[12600-137 to 12600-273 G. C] 



Title 


I. 


Title 


II. 


Title 


III. 


Title 


IV. 


Title 


V. 


Title 


VI. 


Title 


VII. 


Title 


VIII. 


Title 


IX. 


Title 


X. 


Title 


XL 


Title 


XII. 


Title 


XIII. 


Title 


XIV. 


Title 


XV. 


Title 


XVI. 


Title 


XVII. 


Title XVIH. 


Title 


XIX. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Definition of Terms 

Size of Pipes 

Materials, Quality and Weights. . . . 

Joints and Connections 

Traps and Cleanouts 

General Regulations. 

House Sewerage and Drains 

Yard, Sub-Soil and Other Drains. . 

Roof Conductors and Leaders 

Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes 

Refrigerator, Safe and Special 

Wastes 

Fixtures 

Toilet Rooms 

Inspection and Tests 

Catch Basins 

Sumps and Ejectors 

Cesspools 

Sewage Treatment Works 

Vaults 

Pumps and Hydrants 

50 



DEFINITION OF TERMS 

A Waste Pipe is any pipe which receives the discharge 
of any fixture except water closets and conveys the 
same to the soil pipe or house drain. 

Soil Pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of 
water closets with or without other fixtures, to the 
house drain. 

House Drain is that part of the horizontal piping of 
a house drainage system which receives the discharge 
of all soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the 
walls of any building and conveys the same to the 
house sewer, three feet outside the foundation wall of 
such building. 

House Sewer or Main Drain is that part of the hori- 
zontal piping beginning three feet from the foundation 
wall to its connection with the main sewer or cesspool. 

A Vent Pipe is any pipe provided to ventilate a 
drainage and plumbing system of piping and to prevent 
siphon age and back pressure. 

A Back Vent Pipe is that part of a vent pipe line 
which connects directly with an individual trap under- 
neath or back of the fixture, and extends either to the 
branch, main, soil, or waste vent. 

Soil or Waste Vent is that part of the main soil or 
waste pipe above the highest installed branch or fixture 
connection, extending through the roof. 

Conductors or Roof Leaders are conveyors which 
carry the storm or rain water from the roofs of buildings 
to the house or yard drain. The term Down Spout is 
usually applied to the vertical portion. 

Local or Surface Vent is a pipe by which the foul air 
in bowls of water closets or other plumbing fixtures, is 
removed. 

51 



Sub soil Drain is that part of a drainage system 
which conveys the sub soil or ground or seep water 
from the foot of walls or below the cellar floor under 
buildings, to the house sewer or drain through a back 
pressure trap. 

Trap is a fitting so constructed as to prevent the 
passage of air or gas through a pipe without materially 
affecting the flow of sewerage or waste water therein. 

Traps — Depth of Seal is the height of the water 
column measured between the points of overflow and 
the dip or division level separating the inlet and outlet 
arms of the trap. 

"Plumbers Work" shall include all piping in a build- 
ing upon which tests are required to a point three (3) 
feet outside the foundation walls and shall include the 
house drain, soil and waste stacks, conductors and 
roof leaders. 

TITLE I 
Size of Pipes 

Sec. 12600-137 — Size of house drains, soil and waste 
stacks, mains and branches. Twenty (20) square feet 
of roof or yard area in horizontal projection counts as 
one fixture. 

Three feet of urinal trough or wash sink counts as 
one fixture. 

One bath, basin, sink or smaller fixture counts as 
one fixture. 

One pedestal urinal or slop hopper sink counts as 
two fixtures. 

One water closet counts as four fixtures. 

Dimensions given refer to the inside diameter. 

52 



Maximum Number of Fixtures Connected To 



Size of 


Waste, Soil and 


Soil Pipe 


pipe 


Waste Combined 


Alone 


IX in. 


1 fixture 




l>^in. 


3 fixtures 




2 in. 


8 fixtures 




2K in. 


10 fixtures 




3 in. 


20 fixtures 


2 water closets 


3>^in. 


40 fixtures 


2 water closets 


4 in. 


64 fixtures 


16 water closets 


5 in. 


144 fixtures 


36 water closets 


6 in. 


288 fixtures 


72 water closets 


7 in. 


504 fixtures 


126 water closets 


8 in. 


840 fixtures 


210 water closets 


9 in. 


1,160 fixtures 


290 water closets 


10 in. 


1,600 fixtures 


400 water closets 


11 in. 


2,120 fixtures 


530 water closets 


12 in. 


2,840 fixtures 


710 water closets 



Providing that the number of water closets on any 
soil pipe, with or without other fixtures, shall never 
exceed the number given in the last column. 

Where it is impractical to use four (4) inch soil pipe 
for water closets, three (3) inch soil pipe may be used 
for vertical stacks, and shall conform with the number 
of fixtures in the above table. If earthenware drains, 
or sewers are used the diameter of the pipe shall be 
increased one size over the above "table". 



53 



Sec. 12600-138 — Size of fixtures, traps and wastes. 

The size ( inside diameter ) of the trap and waste branches 
for a given fixture shall never be less than the following: 



Kind of Fixtures 



Water closet , 

Slop sink with trap combined 

Slop sink ordinary 

Lip urinal 

Pedestal urinal 

Floor drains or wash 

Yard drains or catch basins 

Urinal troughs 

Laundry tub 

Kitchen sinks (residence) 

Kitchen sinks (Large) hotels or public 
Pantry sinks (Large) hotels or public 

Pantry or bar sinks 

Wash basins, one only 

Bath tubs 

Shower baths 

Sitz bath 

Safe wastes and drips 

Drinking fountains 

Fountain cuspidors 



Size in 
Inches 



3 


3 


2% 


3 


2 


2- 


\% 


U2 


2% 


3 


3 


3 


3 


3 


2 


2 


1^ 


IX 


IX 


IX 


2 


2 


2 


2 


IV 


IX 


m 


IX 


ij^ 


1X2 


2 


2 


Wz 


\% 


1 


1 


^% 


IX 


IX 


IX 



54 



Sec. 12600-139— Size of Vent Pipe Stacks. The 

following table gives the size of vent pipes and the 
maximum number of fixtures that they shall serve: 





^ ^ 
^^- 




od 


-u 


Size of 


||.s 


Number of traps 


1^ 


u 


Pipe 


S-^S 


in 1>2 or less 


a| 


S^ 




X> be 




§2 


1^ 




1 1 




^- 


IX in. pipe 


15 


1 (IM in. trap) 






1>^ in. pipe 


25 


3 


1 




2 in. pipe 


40 


12 


6 


3 or less 


2>^ in. pipe 


60 


24 


12 


6 


3 in. pipe 


90 


48 


•24 


12 


3>^ in. pipe 


130 


100 


50 


25 


4 in. pipe 


180 


160 


80 


40 


5 in. pipe 


240 


210 


140 


70 


6 in. pipe 


330 


480 


240 


120 



For five (5) inch traps and over the vent shall be 
one -half the diameter of the trap except as perscribed 
in Title XI, section 12600-222— Latrines. 

If the length of a branch or main vent pipe is to ex- 
ceed the given maximum, the above diameter must be 
increased to the tabulated size opposite the length 
required, irrespective of the number of traps vented, 
but in no case shall the main vent be less than one- 
half the diametar of the adjoining soil pipe. 

Sec. 12600-140— Size of Local Vent Pipe Stacks. 

In the following table the unit of a local vent for a 



55 



single water closet, pedestal urinal, urinal bowl, slop 
hopper or sink, and to each three feet of urinal or 
gutter shall be a two (2) inch pipe. 





Maximum 


Number of Closets vented 


Size of 


developed 




Pipe 


length in feet 




Main vertical 




Mains 


Branches 


part 


2 in. 


40 


1 


1 


3 in. 


100 


3 


6 


4 in. 


150 


6 


12 


5 in. 


200 


10 


20 


6 in. 


250 


16 


32 


7 in. 


300 


23 


46 


Sin. 


350 


32 


64 


9 in. 


400 


42 


84 


10 in. 


450 


56 


112 


11 in. 


500 


72 


144 


12 in. 


550 


90 


180 



The dimensions given refer to the inside diameter 
ot pipe. 

Where the number of fixtures exceeds the limit of 
the tables, sizes and lengths shall be increased in 
corresponding ratio. 

TITLE 2 

Materials, Quality and Weights. 

Sec. 12600-141— Earthenware Pipe. QUALITY OF 
Pipe. All earthenware pipe and fittings shall be of the 
hub or spigot pattern, cylindrical in section, thoroughly 
vitrified through the thickness of the pipe, and 
thoroughly salt glazed over the entire inner and outer 
surfaces. Each length shall be of a uniform caliber, 



56 



smooth bore throughout, without twist or wind, and 
free from fire cracks, bUsters, flaws or other defects. 

Earthenware pipe used for tile drains shall be with- 
out hub or socket, and can be either cylindrical or D 
shaped in section. 

Sec. 12600-142— Cast Iron Pipe. A— QUALITY OF 
Pipe. All cast iron pipe and fittings shall be sound, 
cylindrical and smooth, free from cracks, sand holes 
and other defects of a uniform thickness and not lighter 
than the commercial grade known as ''extra heavy." 

B- Weights of Cast Iron Pipe. Pipe shall not 
weigh less than the following per lineal foot, which 
weights include the hubs. 



Diameter of Pipe. 


Weights 
per Foot 


2 inch 


5)4 pounds 
9)4 pounds 


3 inch 


4 inch 


13 pounds 


5 inch 


17 pounds 
20 pounds 
27 pounds 


6 inch 


7 inch 


8 inch 


33 >^ pounds 





C— Coating for Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings. 
All pipes shall be coated at the factory for underground 
use with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. 

Pipes and fittings above ground may be plain or 
coated with linseed oil, coal oil, asphaltum or coal tar 
pitch. 

Sec. 12600-143— Wrought Iron Pipe. A— THICK- 
NESS AND Weight of Pipe. All wrought iron pipe must 



57 



be of standard lap welded pipe of 
following thickness and weights: 



not less than the 



Diameter 


Thickness 


Weight per Lineal Foot 


IK 


inches 


.14 inches 


2.68 pounds 


2 


inches 


.15 inches 


3.61 pounds 


2% 


inches 


.20 inches 


5.74 pounds 


3 


inches 


.21 inches 


7.54 pounds 


3K 


inches 


.22 inches 


9.00 pounds 


4 


inches 


.23 inches 


10.66 pounds 


^% 


inches 


.24 inches 


12.34 pounds 


5 


inches 


.25 inches 


14.50 pounds 


6 


inches 


.28 inches 


18.76 pounds 


7 


inches 


.30 inches 


23.27 pounds 


8 


inches 


.32 inches 


28.18 pounds 



B— Quality and Coating of Pipe and Fittings. 
All wrought iron pipe used for soil, waste and vent 
pipes shall be galvanized iron, and the malleable fit- 
tings galvanized, the cast iron fittings galvanized or 
coated with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. 

The fittings for wrought iron waste, soil and refrig- 
erator wastes shall be of cast or malleable iron, or 
brass recessed drainage fittings with smooth interior 
waterway and threads tapped out of solid metal so as 
to give a uniform grade to branches of not less than 
one-fourth (X) of an inch per foot. 

Threaded fitting for vents and back vents two (2) 
inches, or less shall be galvanized malleable iron. 

Fittings of larger dimensions shall be brass, galvanized 
malleable iron, or cast iron, galvanized or coated with 
asphaltum or coal tar pitch. 



58 



[Substitute for 12600-143] 

Wrought Iron and (Mild Steel) Pipe. A— Thick- 
ness and Weight of Pipe. All wrought iron or mild 
steel pipes used for soil, waste or vent pipes shall be 
galvanized, and not lighter than the commercial grade 
known as ''Full Weight." 

B — The fittings for wrought iron or mild steel waste, 
soil and refrigerator waste shall be cast or malleable 
iron or brass recessed drainage fittings, with smooth 
interior waterway and threads tapped out of solid 
metal, so as to give a uniform grade to branches of 
not less than X of ^^ ii^ch per foot. 

C — Threaded fittings for soil, waste and vent pipes 
shall be brass, galvanized malleable iron or cast iron. 

Sec. 12600-144— Lead Pipe. WEIGHTS OF LEAD 
Pipe. All pipe used for branch soil, waste, vent or 
flush pipes shall be of best quality of drawn pipe, of 
not less weight per lineal foot than shown in the 
following tables: 

Lead branch soil, waste, vent or flush pipes includ- 
ing bends and traps. 



Internal Diameter Weights 

1 inch I 1 lb. 8 oz . 

VX inch I • 2 lb. 8 oz. 

1^ inch I 3 lb. 8 oz. 

2 inch = 4 lb. oz . 

3 inch 6 lb. oz . 

4 inch 8 lb. oz. 



Sec. 12600-145— Brass Pipe and Fittings. Brass 
pipe for soil, waste and vent pipes shall be thoroughly 
annealed, seamless drawn or brazed tubing having 
59 



weight and outside diameter of not less than the 
following: 



Nominal 
Diameter. 


Gauge 
No. B. & S. 


Thickness 


Weight. 


l>(-in. 


12 


5-64 in. 


1.08 lbs. 


IK in. 


12 


5-64 in. 


1.32 lbs. 


2 in. 


12 


5-64 in. 


1.79 lbs. 


2K in. 


10 


7-64 in. 


2.82 lbs. 


3 in. 


10 


7-64 in. 


3.41 lbs. 


4 in. 


8 


1-8 in. 


5.74 lbs. 


5 in. 


8 


1-8 in. 


7.22 lbs. 


6 in. 


8 


1-8 in. 


8.71 lbs. 



For flush and local vents No. 18 gauge may be used. 
Drawn tubing only shall be used for the larger sizes, 
two and one-half {2J4) inches to six (6) inches, and 
brazed tubing may be used for the smaller sizes, one 
and one-quarter (IX) to two (2) inches. Brass fit- 
tings shall be good quality cast brass having a thick- 
ness in their walls not less than the tabular thickness 
given above for the corresponding brass pipe. The 
thickness of the tapped ends to be one and one-half 
(1>^) times the thickness of the corresponding pipe. 

Brass Ferrules. Brass Ferrules shall be best quality 
extra heavy cast brass, not less than four and one-half 
(4^) inches long and 2}(, 3)4 and 4)4 inches in di- 
ameter, and not less than the following weights: 



Diameters 


Weights 


2)4 inches 

3)4 inches 

4 14 inches 


lib. Ooz. 

1 lb. 12 oz. 

2 lb. 8 oz. 







60 



mm 



Cup or similar ferrules shall conform with the above 
table. 

Soldering Nipples. Soldering nipples shall be heavy 
cast brast, or of brass pipe iron pipe size. When cast, 
they shall be full bore and not less than the following 
weights: 



Diameters 



Weights 



1}4 inches. 

1)4 inches. 

2 inches . 
2)4 inches. 

3 inches 

4 inches . 



lb. 6 oz. 
lb. 8 oz. 

lb. 14 oz. 

1 lb. 6 oz. 

2 lb. oz. 

3 lb. 8 oz. 



Sec. 12600-146— Sheet Lead. Sheet lead for roof 
flashing shall not weigh less than three (3) pounds per 
square foot, and shall extend not less than six (6) inches 
from the pipe and the joint shall be made water-tight. 

Sec. 12600-147 — Copper. Copper tubing when 
used for inside roof conductors or leader connections 
shall be seamless drawn tubing, not less than number 
fourteen (14) B. &S. guage; and when copper is used 
for roof conductor or leader flashings it shall be not 
less than number eighteen (18) B. & S. gauge, and for 
local vents and interior ventilating pipe, may be spiral 
of gauge number twenty-six (26). 

TITLE 3 
Joints and Connections 

Sec. 12600-148— Water and air tight joints. All 

joints and connections mentioned under this title shall 
be made gas and water tight. 
61 



Sec. 12600-149 — Earthenware pipes. Joints be- 
tween the hub and spigot shall be half filled with a 
gasket of oakum and then by finishing the joint with 
mortar made of one (1) part fresh Portland cement 
and one (1) part clean sharp sand. 

Each joint shall be carefully banked, wiped and 
cleaned. 

Sec. 12600-150 — Earthenware to iron pipe. Un- 
derground joints between earthenware and iron pipe 
shall be made the same as above required for earthen- 
ware pipe. 

Sec. 12600-151 — Cast iron pipes. All joints in 
cast iron pipe shall be made with pure lead well calked, 
and not less than one ( 1 ) inch deep, and no paint, var- 
nish or putty will be allowed until the joints have been 
tested. 

Oakum or other efficient methods shall be used to 
prevent the lead from running through the joint. 

Sec. 12600-152— Wrought Iron, (Mild Steel) and 
Brass Pipe. Joints in galvanized iron, (mild steel) or 
brass pipe shall be standard screw joints, and all burs 
or cuttings shall be removed. All joints shall be made 
up of white or red lead or mineral paint. 

Sec. 12600-153— Wrought Iron, (Mild Steel) and 
Brass to Cast Iron. Connections between wrought 
iron (mild steel) or brass to cast iron shall be either a 
calked joint (section 12600-151) or screwed joint (sec- 
tion 12600-152). 

All unions used on the sewer side of traps shall be 
ground faced and shall not be concealed or enclosed. 

No slip joint connection will be allowed on the sewer 
side of the trap. 

63 



Sec. 12600-154 — Lead Pipe. Joints in lead pipe, or 
between lead pipes and pipes of brass or copper shall 
(have an exposed surface of the solder to each side of 
the joint of at least three-quarters (^) of an inch). 

Sec. 12600-155— Lead to Iron Pipe. Joints between 
lead and iron pipes shall be made by extra heavy cast 
or drawn screw nipple, with either a calked joint or a 
soldered nipple with a threaded joint or approved con- 
caved brass bushings. 

Where cup or similar ferrules are used they shall 
extend not less than one-quarter (}() inch above the 
hub. 







Plate 2 



64 







S 



i^ 



Plate 3 




y;cJ>Z'^z/r//v^ /r7^7^(/tr^ zf V/j 'CAi./r^A/(^^f7M^^. 



/iPF/YOi/fD 






Plate 4 



(3) 



65 



Sec. 12600-156— Earthenware with metal floor 
connections. Fixtures with earthenware traps con- 
nected directly with soil or waste pipes shall have a 
solid brass floor plate, not less than three-sixt.eenths 
(3-16) of an inch thick, soldered to the lead bend or 
pipe, and screwed to the floor where joist are of wood, 
and where brass or iron is used, screwed to the same, 
and bolted to the trap flange. Joint shall be made gas 
tight with an asbestos graphite ring, asbestos string 
gasket, washer, red or white lead, or perfect screw 
joint. 




^OC^>^A/V6^ 






Plate 5 

("Metal to Metal" floor flanges will be approved.) 

In wooden joist construction the connection between 

the earthenware and soil pipe shall have a [suitable] 

length of lead pipe between the wiped joint and the 

under side of the floor. 

("Suitable" may be as short as two inches.) 

Sec. 12600-157 — Increasers and reducers. Where 

different sizes of pipe or pipes and fittings are to be 

66 



connected, proper size increasers or reducers, pitched 
to an angle of forty -five (45) degrees between the two 
sizes shall be used. 

Sec. 12600-158— Prohibited joints. Any fitting or 
connection which has or forms an enlargement, 
chamber or recess with a ledge, shoulder or reduction 
of the pipe area in the direction of the flow on the 
outlet or drain side of any trap, are prohibited. 

Sec. 12600-159 — Expansion bolts. Connections or 
hangers, pipe supports or fixture settings with masonry 
or stone backing shall be made with expansion bolts 
without the use of wood plugs. 

TITLE 4 
Traps and Cleanouts 

Section. 12600-160— Traps. A.— WHERE USED. 
Each single fixture except those wasting as prescribed 
under title No. 11, Sec. 12600-222 shall be separately 
trapped by a water seal trap, placed as close to the 
fixture as possible. 

"Each Single Fixture" will include a set of three 
wash trays, or wash stands, a set of one or two wash 
trays with sink combined, provided they are made in 
One Fixture, and the trap is placed central, and the 
branches connect into the seal of the trap, and the size 
of the trap and branch conforms to that required for 
separate fixtures. 

B — Kind of Traps. Every trap shall be self-clean- 
ing. No form of trap which depends upon the action 
of movable parts for its seal shall be used. No trap 
which depends upon concealed interior partitions for 
its seal or which has an interior partition that, in case 
of defect, would allow the passage of sewer air, shall 
be used. 

67 





Plates 6 and 7 



68 



[Galvanized or porcelain enameled iron traps shall be 
extra heavy full bore, and have a smooth interior water 
way and threads tapped out of solid metal. 

Iron drum traps shall be made of extra heavy cast 
or malleable iron, galvanized or porcelain enameled on 
the inside and the drum shall not exceed four (4) 
inches in diameter. Drum traps shall have a water 
seal of not more than seven (7) inches nor less than 
two (2) inches.] 

Every trap shall be so installed that the water seal 
will protect the trap screw from sewer air. 

Traps for bath tubs, basins, sinks, or other similar 
fixtures shall be made of lead, brass (galvanized iron) 
or of iron (porcelain) enameled inside. 

C — Water Seal. Each trap shall have a water 
seal of not less than two (2) inches. 

D— Cleanouts and Vent Connections. Each trap 
except those in combination with fixtures where the 
trap seal is plainly visible and accessible shall be pro- 
vided with a brass trap screw. 

Traps placed between the floor shall have a brass 
trap screw for cleaning, in plain view or flush with the 
floor, or readily accessible from or under the floor. 

E— Trap Levels and Protection. All traps shall 
be rigidly supported and set true with respect to their 
water level, and shall be so located as to protect their 
seals. 

F— Traps Prohibited on Drains. There shall be 
no trap at the foot of soil or waste pipes upon the 
house drain or house sewer except where such drain, 

69 



or sewer is used exclusively for conducting rain water 
or surface water to a house drain or sewer. [A main 
house trap will be permitted on the house drain, 
provided a vent pipe is taken from both sides of the 
trap, the same size as the house drain, and carried 
separately to the roof, and located as for roof outlets.] 







"M^^^^m 



Sec. /3U0{h/i>/^'r^^ 



Plate 8 

G— Other Wastes to Water Closet Trap Pro- 
hibited. In no case shall the waste from a bath tub 
or other fixture be connected with a water closet trap. 

H— Overflow Connections. Overflow pipes from 
fixtures shall in each case be connected on the inlet 
side of the trap. 

I— Cellar Drains. Cellar drains will be permitted 
only when they connect to a trap with a permanent 
water seal. [A downspout trap will be considered a 



70 



permanent water seal for a floor wash or cellar drain 
where it sets over the hand hole on the inlet side of 
the trap, and is provided with a cleanout screw.] 




Plate 9 



Sec. 12600-161— Cleanouts. A— SiZE. Cleanouts 
shall be the same size as the pipe up to four (4) inches 
in diameter [except as provided in part D] and not less 
than four (4) inches for larger pipe or traps. 

Cleanouts shall be at least four (4) inches long with 
air tight screw joints made of brass. 

[Screw caps for cleanouts shall be of extra heavy 
brass, not less than yi of an inch thick. The screw 
cap shall have a solid square or hexagonal nut not less 
than one inch high. The body of a cleanout ferrule 



71 



shall be at least equal in weight and thickness, to the 
calking ferrule of the size of pipe. The engaging part 
shall have no less than six threads of iron pipe size, 
and be tapered.] 




B— Where Required. Cleanouts shall be provided 
as follows, at the foot of all vertical lines of soil pipe, 
and at the end of each horizontal line, distance between 
the cleanouts shall not exceed fifty (50) feet. [Any 
floor or wall connection of fixture traps will be regarded 
as cleanouts, provided they are bolted or screwed to 
the floor or wall.] 

There shall be at least two (2) cleanouts pro- 
vided in the house drain; one made with a full size Y 
branch just inside of the wall near the house drain 
and the house sewer connection, and the second near 
the end of the house drain, or at the base of the soil 
or waste stacks. Intermediate cleanouts may be made 
with Ts. [Made accessible by manholes with proper 
metallic covers.] 

Any vertical soil, waste or vent pipe having an open- 
ing readily accessible from the roof and without change 
of direction in its entire length shall not be required to 
be provided with a cleanout other than at its base. 

C — Manholes. All underground traps and cleanouts 
inside of a building, except where the cleanout traps 
are flush with the cellar floor, shall be made accessible 
by manholes with proper metallic covers, and all ex- 
terior underground traps with inaccessible cleanouts 
shall also be placed in manholes. 

D— Location. All traps and cleanouts shall be 
located so as to be easily accessible for cleaning. 



73 



TITLE 5 
General Regulations 

Sec. 12600-162— Grade of horizontal pipes. All 

horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment 
and at a uniform grade of one-half ( Yz ) inch per foot 
when possible, but in no case shall the grade be less 
than one -quarter (X) of an inch to one (1) foot for 
soil or waste pipes and house drains suspended by iron 
hangers or [supported] upon piers, posts or wall ledges; 
and not less than one-eighth {y%) of an inch per foot 
for vent or ventilating pipes, house sewers and under- 
ground drains. 

Sec. 12600-163— Change of direction. All drainage 
and plumbing pipes shall be rigidly secured or sup- 
ported to keep their alignment and grade, and all 
changes of directions, either horizontal or vertical, 
shall be made with the appropriate use of forty-five 
(45) degrees, 'Ts," half *'Ys," sanitary *T Ys,"- long 
sweep quarter, sixth, eighth or sixteenth bends, with 
short nipples when screw joints are used. 

Increase or reduction in size shall be made by the 
use of a proper fitting. 

Every vertical line of soil or waste pipe shall have 
no less than eighteen (18) inches of iron pipe, run hor- 
izontally at its base. 

Sec. 12600-164 — Prohibited fittmgs. No double 
hub, double T, or sanitary T branches shall be used on 
horizontal runs, nor shall double hubs or straight 
crosses be used on the soil or waste pipe. [Saddle hubs , 
and bands are in all cases prohibited.] 

74 




Plate 11 — Typical Drainage System 

Reference 
Title 5, Sec. 12,600-162-163 Title 6, Sec. 12.600-175-176-178 

Title 7, Sec. 12,600-181 Title 8, Sec. 12,600-188-190 

75 



Sec. 12600-165— Offsets in mains. Offsets in the 
mains of all stacks shall be avoided if possible, but when 
unavoidable they shall be made with forty-five (45) de- 
gree fittings, if possible. 

Sec. 12600-166— Dead ends. In the installation 
of any plumbing system, all dead ends in pipes shall be 
avoided. 

Sec. 12600-167 — Drainage excavation. All exca- 
vations required to be made for the installation of a 
house drainage system, or any part thereof, within the 
walls of a building, shall be open trench work. All 
such trenches shall be kept open until the piping has 
been inspected. 

Parties in charge of the work shall notify the in- 
spector twenty-four (24) hours before work is ready for 
inspection, failure of the inspector to inspect the same 
at the time notified shall allow the party in charge to 
proceed with the work. 

Sec. 12600-168 — Separate trenches. Each system 
of piping shall be laid in a separate trench, except 
sanitary and surface sewers may be laid in the same 
trench. 

Trenches may be benched eighteen (18) inches for 
lighter pipes if not in violation of any city ordinance. 

Sec. 12600-169— Relieving arches. Where pipes 
pass under walls the same shall, if possible, be placed 
under openings, and in all cases where pipes pass 
under or through walls they shall be provided with a 
relieving arch or lintel. 

Sec. 12600-170— Stack supports. All free standing 

stacks shall be thoroughly supported on concrete or 

masonry piers at their base, and those forty (40) feet 

or more in height shall also be provided with foot rests 

76 



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Plate 12— Stack: Supports 




7/t/eSfSec. /X6> 00-'/70 



Plate 13— Cleanouts 

77 



at their base and also with floor rests, or supports at 
every ten (10) feet intervals. 

The pipe supports according to their location shall 
be made either with heavy iron posts, hangers, wall 
brackets or steel fittings, concrete or masonry piers, 
provided that no brick pier shall be less than eight (8) 
inches square. The use of pipe hooks shall be pro- 
hibited for larger than one and one -half {1/4) inch 
pipes. 

TITLE 6 
House Sewerage and Drains 

Section 12600-171 — Independent system. The 

drainage and plumbing system of each new building 
or new work installed in an existing building shall be 
entirely separate and independent of that of any other 
building, except as provided in section 2 [12600-172]; 
and wherever available every building shall have an 
independent connection witha public or private sewer. 

Sec. 12600-172— Exceptions permissible. Where 
one building stands in the rear of another on an in- 
terior lot, and no private sewer is available, or can be 
made for the rear building, through an adjoining alley, 
court, yard or driveway, the house drain from the front 
building may be extended to the rear building and the 
whole will be considered as one house drain. 

Sec. 12600-173 — Connections with cesspools. 

When a sewer is not available, drain pipes from build- 
ings may be connected with cess pools or receiving 
vaults as prescribed in Title 16 of this code, provided, 
. however, that no water closet shall be connected to a 
leaching cesspool. 

Under the various titles of Part 2, where a sewerage 
system is mentioned, the same is meant to include 

78 



either a public sewerage system or a private sewerage 
system connected with a cesspool or receiving vault. 

Sec. 12600-174 — Old house drains and sewers. 

Old house drains may be used in connection with new 
buildings, or new plumbing, only when they are found, 
on examination and test, to conform in all respects to 
the requirements governing new sewers or drains, as 
prescribed in this code. 

If the old work is found defective, the inspector shall 
notify the owner to make the necessary changes to con- 
form with this code. 

Sec. 12600-175— House drains under ground. All 

house drains shall, wherever possible, be brought into 
the building under ground below the level of the base- 
ment or cellar floor. 

Sec. 12600-176— Kind of pipe. All house drains 
shall be of extra heavy cast iron pipe, with well leaded 
and calked joints, or of earthenware pipe jointed with 
mortar composed of one part best Portland cement 
and one part clean, sharp sand. 

Sec. 12600-177— Drains to curb. Where there is no 
sewer accessible the drainage of surface inlets and 
rain water conductors, shall be drained separately to 
the curb line where practicable by drain pipes not less 
than four (4) inches in diameter and discharge into the 
public gutter, unless otherwise permitted by the proper 
authority. 

Sec. 12600-178— House sewer. The drain contain- 
ing the house sewer, beginning three (3) to five (5) 
feet outside the building wall, shall consist of iron pipe 
or of earthenware pipe not less than the size of the 

79 



slant or opening in the main sewer. [The house sewer 
may be the size specified in Title 1— Section 12600-137 
regardless of the size of the slant or opening in the 
main sewer.] 

They shall not be laid closer than three feet to any 
exterior wall, cellar, basement, well or cistern, or less 
than two (2) feet deep. Change in direction shall be 
made with long curves, one-eighth ( }i ) bends or Ys. 

TITLE 7 
Yard, Subsoil and other drains 

Sec. 12600-179 — Drainage of yards and areas. 

When yard and area drains are connected with the 
house drains each shall be effectually trapped; or, the 
, various drains from the yards and areas may be con- 
nected together and be controlled by a single trap. 

Traps shall be installed for drains which connect 
directly with a sewer intended to carry surface water. 

Sec. 12600-180— Earthenware yard drains. Barn, 
stable, yard and roof leader drains may be of earthen- 
ware and all such drains shall be trapped and connect- 
ed with house drain or house sewer at any convenient 
point. 

No earthenware yard drain, or drains from kitchen 
sinks shall be less than four (4) inches. 

Overflow pipes from cisterns shall not connect 
directly with any house sewer. 

Sec. 12600-181— Subsoil drains. Where subsoil 
drains are placed under the cellar floor or used to 
encircle the outer walls of a building, the same shall 
be made of open jointed four (4) inch drain tile. 

Open jointed drain tile shall be properly trapped be- 
fore entering the house drain. 

80 



Sec. 12600-182— Back pressure valves. Where a 
floor or open jointed drain tile is connected to a house 
sewer or drain, each floor wash or connection shall be 
protected from back pressure by a gate or back pres- 
sure valve. 

Sec. 12600-183— Exhaust, blow-offs and drip pipe 
connections. The exhaust, blow-off, sediment or drip 
pipe from a steam boiler shall not connect directly 
with any sewer, drain, soil or waste pipe. Such pipes 







•^ V ^aA?oc/ t'^ 



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Plate 14 
Exhaust Blow-off and Drip Pipe Connections 

shall discharge in to the top and above the line of dis- 
charge of a suitable closed tank or condenser made of 
wrought or cast iron, provided with a relief pipe, of at 
least three (3) inches in diameter, extending to the 
outer air above the roof. 

The waste from said tank or condenser, shall be 
taken from the bottom and be at least one size 



81 



larger than the inlet, but not less than three (3) inches 
in diameter, and provided with a trap that has a seal 
of not less than twenty-four (24) inches and wherever 
possible shall connect to the house sewer and not to 
the house drain 

Sec. 12600-184 — Hot water discharge prohibited. 

Water heated to over one hundred and forty (140) 
degrees, Fahrenheit, shall not be allowed to enter any 
street sewer, drain or lateral. 



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CooLJMj -JPfy/ct^^r^'itf;,^ /,^ 



Plate 15 — Cooling Device 

When blow-off tanks discharge water at a higher 
temperature they shall be provided with a cooling device. 

Sec. 12600-185— Elevator connections. -All direct 
connected hydraulic elevators, lifts or pressure machines 
shall be provided with an intermediate tank of sufficient 
capacity as to discharge its waste without pressure in- 
to any sewer, drain, soil or waste pipe. Such tanks 



82 



shall be trapped and where there is danger of back 
pressure from sewer there shall be placed on its outlet 
side a sewer or back water valve. 











m 




1 




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CoA/A/fCr/ON - - 


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Plate 16 — Elevator Connection 



TITLE 8 
Roof Conductors and Leaders 

Section 12600-186 — Conductors not to connect. 

The metallic conductors or roof leaders or down- 
spout wastes, and the surface and ground water drains, 
wherever possible, shall be connected with a sewer, but^ 
they shall not be connected to house sewers, which 
discharge into sanitary sewers intended for the carriage 
of sewage only. 

Sec. 12600-187 — Inside conductors and roof leaders. 

When placed within the walls of any building or run 
in an inner or interior court, or ventilating or pipe 
shaft, all conductors or roof leaders shall be constructed 

83 



as prescribed for soil pipe. [And when it is permis- 
sable to connect same with the sanitary sewer the 
drain serving such conductors shall be run independ- 
ently and connected to the house sewer at a point out- 
side the foundation walls.] 

Sec. 12600-188 — Connections with conductor 
prohibited. Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil, 
waste or vent pipes, nor shall any soil, waste or vent 
pipes be used as conductors. 

Sec. 12600-189 — Defective conductor pipes. 

When an existing sheet metal conductor pipe within 
the walls of any building becomes defective such con- 
ductor shall be replaced by one which conforms to 
this code. 

Sec. 12600-190— Outside conductors. When out- 
side conductors or downspouts of sheet metal are 
connected with the house drain [or house sewer] they 
shall be so connected by means of not less than one 
length of extra heavy cast iron pipe extending vertic- 
ally at least four (4) feet above the grade line. 



TITLE 9 
Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes 

Section 12600-1 91 -—Material used. All main and 
branch soil, waste, vent and back vent pipes shall be 
of iron, lead, brass or copper. 

Sec. 12600-192— Waste pipe stacks. The main waste 
pipe stack carrying a kitchen sink or more than three 
(3) other fixtures shall not be less than two (2) inches 
in diameter. 

. 84 



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Plate 17— -Waste Pipe Stacks 
Title 9, Sec. 12,600-192 



85 



Sec. 12600-193— Roof extensions. All soil and 
waste pipes receiving the discharge of any fixtures 
shall be extended the full calibre at least two (2) feet 
above the roof and at least five (5) feet when such 
roof is used for other purposes than weather covering 
the building. 

In no case shall a vent pipe through the roof be less 
than four (4) inches. 

Change in diameter shall be made by long increaser, 
at least one (1) foot below roof. 

Sec. 12600-194— Roof joints. The joint at the roof 
shall be made water tight by the use of proper sheet 
copper or lead plate, with a sleeve not less than six 
(6) inches long made to fit the pipe tightly. [Where 
the face of the hub is flush with the roof and lead 
flashing is calked into the hub, a sleeve will not be 
required.] Plate shall be not less than one foot six 
inches (1' 6") square. 

Sec. 12600-195 — Terminals. The roof terminals of 
all vent pipes shall be at least three (3) feet above any 
door, window, scuttle or air shaft when located at 
distances less than twelve (12) feet from such terminal. 

Sec. 12600-196 — Terminals adjoining high buildings. 

No soil, waste or vent pipe extension of any new or 
existing building shall be run or placed on the outside 
of a wall, but shall be carried up in the inside to the 
roof. 

In the event that a new building is built higher than 
an existing building, the owner of the new building 
shall not locate windows within twelve (12) feet of 
any existing vent stack on the lower building, unless 



86 



the owner of such new building shall defray the ex- 
penses of, or shall himself make such alteration to 
conform with section 5 [Sec. 12600-195], of this title. 

It shall be the duty of the owner of the lower or ex- 
isting building to make such alteration therein upon 
the receipt in advance of money, or security therefor, 
sufficient for the purpose, from the owner of the new 
or higher building, or to permit at the election of the 
owner of the new or higher building the making of 
such alteration by the owner of said new or higher 
building. 

Sec. 12600-197— Prohibited Connections. In no 

case shall any fixture connection except water closet, 
[pedestal urinal or trap standard slop sink] be made 
to a lead bend. No vent pipe shall be used as a waste 
or soil pipe. 

Sec. 12600-198 — Branch soil and waste extensions. 

Any vertical branch rising more than ten (10) feet, 
or any lateral branch running more than twenty-five 
(25) feet from the main soil line, shall be continued 
full size to a point above the roof in the same manner 
as required for main soil pipes, or may be returned to 
main vent pipe full size. 



87 






ct 



" TO 



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Plate 18 — Branch Connection 

Title 9, Sec. 12,600-198 

Branch extending more than 25 ft. horizontally or 10 ft. 

vertically, continued full size. 

88 




Bl 



Plate 19 — Branch Connection 

Title 9, Sec. 12,600-198 

Fixtures on branch within the prescribed limit 

back vented by a 2 in. pipe. 

89 



Sec. 12600-1 99-- Vents— lengths from trap. The 

back vent of any fixture trap shall be as close to the 
trap as practicably consistent with its location and 
effectiveness. The developed length of the waste pipe 
of any fixture from its trap to the vent pipe shall not 
exceed twenty-four (24) inches. 

[For the purpose of obtaining a direct rising vent 
from a vertical waste line a fixture trap immediately 
under a small fixture waste shall be placed not more 
than twenty-four (24) inches from the vertical waste 
and vent line, measured between the center of the 
waste outlet of the fixture and the center of the waste 
and vent, provided that the point of entry into the 
vertical waste line is not lower than the bend of the 
trap. 

For water closets, pedestal urinals, and trap standard 
slop sinks the distance allowed between the waste 
opening in the floor or wall and vent or back vent 
shall not be more than twenty -four (24) inches devel- 
oped length.] 

Sec. 12600-200 — Main vents. Every building in 
which water closets are installed shall have at least 
one four (4) inch soil pipe stack, extending through 
the roof. 

[A three (3) inch soil stack may be used for the re- 
ception of wastes from one water closet and three 
small fixtures, or one water closet and slop sink, or two 
water closets, provided there is one four (4) inch stack 
in the building and that part of the building in which 
the 3-inch stack is placed shall not be more than three 
(3) stories in height.] 



90 



All main vents shall be run undiminished and con- 
nected full size at their base to the main waste or soil 
pipe at or below the lowest fixture branch and shall 
be extended above the roof or they may be connected 
with the adjoining soil or waste vent three (3) feet 
above the highest fixture opening, but this will not be 
permitted where there are fixtures on more than six 
(6) floors unless the size of pipe be increased in dia- 
meter to the combined area of the main, soil and 
waste vents to be served. 

Sec. 1 2600-20 1 — Vent pipe grades and connections. 

All branch vent and back vent pipes shall be free 
from drops or sags and be so graded and connected as 
to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity. 

On horizontal runs such connections shall be taken 
off above the center line as near the crown as possible 
and rise at least six (6) inches above such crown be- 
fore being offset horizontally. 

Sec. 12600-202 -Back vents for fixtures. Where 
bath rooms, water closets or other fixtures are located 
on opposite sides of a wall or partition, or are directly 
adjacent to each other in an inseparable dwelling, such 
fixtures may have a common soil or waste pipe and 
vent pipe stack. 



Sec. 12600-203— Trap back-vented. Every fixture 
trap shall be protected from siphonage and air circula- 
tion assured by means of a vent or back-vent pipe. 



91 




Plate 20 — Common Vents 
Title 9, Sec. 12,600-202 



Sec. 12600-204— Back venting— water closets. 

Every earthenware fixture with trap combined shall 
be unprovided with a back vent horn. 

Every water closet, pedestal urinal and slop sink 
having a floor connection, shall be back vented from 

92 



the soil or waste branch and preferably on the top of 
the branch. When connected with the vertical arm 
of a bend it shall be made above the top of the hori- 
zontal branch. 

[This vent must rise at an angle of forty-five degrees 
or less to vertical to six inches above the horizontal 
branch.] 




Plate 21 — Continuous Individual Venting 
Title 9, Sec. 12,600-204 

93 




Plate 22 — Continuous Individual Venting 
Title 9, Sec, 12,600-204 



94 




Plate 23— Circuit Venting 



95 




Plate 24— Circuit Venting 



96 



Circuit Loop and Continuous Vents. Every branch 
soil or waste pipe to which a group of two (2) and 
not more than eight (8) water closets, pedestal urinals 
or trap standard slop sinks are connected, may be ven- 
ted by a circuit or loop vent, provided such horizontal 
branch does not exceed twenty -five (25) feet in length 
and the fixtures are within the prescribed twenty-four 
(24) inch limit from the branch forming the circuit 
vent. Connections from such branch shall be taken 
from Y or TY branches. The vent shall be taken off in 
front of the last fixture connection, and must rise at an 
angle of forty-five (45) degrees to vertical to a point 
six (6) inches above the top of the highest fixture 
before offsetting horizontally or connecting to the 
branch, main, waste or soil vent. 

Where fixtures discharge above such branch, each 
branch shall be provided with a relief vent one-half 
( ^ ) the diameter of the soil or waste stack taken off 
in front of the first fixture connection and rise at an 
angle of forty -five (45) degrees to vertical to a point 
six (6) inches above the highest fixture before being 
offset horizontally or connecting to the branch, main, 
waste or soil vent. 

The main soil or waste stack shall be offset at every 
fourth story containing fixtures, immediately below 
the branch, soil or waste connection. 

The soil and waste pipes shall conform to the sizes 
prescribed under Title I, Section 12600-137. 

The main vent pipe shall conform to, and the branch 
vent pipe shall be one full size larger than the sizes 
prescribed under Title I, Section 12600-139. 

Section 12600-205— Back Vent— not required. 

A.— Where two (2) water closets located on the 
same fioor, discharge into a double Y or TY in a soil 

(4) 97 



or waste stack, they need not be back vented if such 
fixtures do not exceed the three (3) foot limit, without 
other fixtures above them. 

B. — When two fixtures other than water closets dis- 
charge into a double Y or TY, and there are no other 
fixtures discharging above them said fixtures may be 
back vented through a common vent or back vent 
pipe. 

C. — No back vents shall be required on a back water 
trap, or sub-soil catch basin trap. 

D. — The waste of a bath tub, basin, or sink may be 
connected to a Y or TY fitting between the closet 
bend and the stack without reventing the closet bend 
providing there are no other fixtures discharging above. 

E. — Cellar floor drains connecting to the house drain 

in front of a soil or waste stack and provided with a 

trap that has a [permanent] water seal of not less 

. than three (3) inches, or discharges into the inlet side 

of a downspout trap, need not be back vented. 

[F. — Cellar floor drains located in excess of ten (10) 
feet from their connection with a branch or main 
drain shall be relieved by a vent or back vent pipe or 
may be connected indirectly with another cellar floor 
drain, the trap for which is located within the pre- 
scribed ten (10) feet] 



98 




Plate 25— Common Vent and Back Vent 
Title 9, Sec. 12,600-205-A 

99 




Plate 26 — Bath Waste Connection to Stack 
Title 9, Sec. 12.600-205-D 



100 




Plate 27— Y Connection Permissible ''Ruling ' 
101 



Section 12600-206— Location of fixtures. No trap- 
ped plumbing fixtures shall be located in any room or 
apartment which does not contain a window placed in 
an external wall of the building or is not provided 
with a system of ventilation. 

Compartments containing not more than four (4) 
water closets or their equivalent shall be located in an 
apartment containing windows placed in the external 
walls of the building or shall be provided with a me- 
chanical .means of ventilation which will change the 
air at a normal temperature at least six (6) times per 
hour. 

Compartments containing more than four water 
closets or their equivalent shall be located either in an 
apartment containing windows and provided with a 
gravity or mechanical system of ventilation which 
will change the air at normal temperature not less 
than six (6) times per hour; or, may be placed in a 
compartment without windows in the external wall of 
the building, providing a mechanical system of ventil- 
ation is installed which will change the air at normal 
temperature not less than six (6) times per hour. 

Ventilation from toilet rooms shall be separated and 
distinct and have no connection whatever with the 
other ventilating ducts in the building. 

TITLE 10 
Refrigerator, Safe and Special Wastes 

Sec. 12600-207 — Refrigerator, Safe and Special 
Wastes. No plumbing fixtures except a bar sink, den- 
tal or fountain cuspidor, soda fountain, or drinking 
fountain shall be installed with an indirect waste con- 
nection to the plumbing and drainage system. The 
waste of every bar sink, dental or fountain cuspidor, 

102 




Plate 28— Bar and Soda Fountain Waste Connections 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-207 



103 




Plate 29 — Drinking Fountains, Fountain Cuspidors 
Title 4, Sec. 12,600-161-B 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-207 



104 



soda fountain, and drinking fountain, if not directly 
connected, shall discharge over a properly water sup- 
plied, trapped, and vented sink, or may discharge into 
a cellar floor drain. The size of the waste pipe 
shall conform to the table in Title 1, Section 1 [Sec. 
12600-137]. Each fixture opening shall be separately 
trapped. 

No back vents shall be required, but when fixtures 
have a common waste pipe and are located on or above 
the second floor, the waste pipe shall be extended 
through the roof. 

Floor drains, safe refrigerator, and ice box waste 
pipes shall be installed with an indirect connection to 
the plumbing and drainage system. They shall dis- 
charge over a properly water supplied, trapped and 
and vented sink, publicly placed, not more than four 
(4) feet above the floor, or may discharge into a cellar 
floor drain. In no case shall any refrigerator or safe 
waste pipe discharge over a sink located in a room 
used for living purposes. Each fixture opening shall 
be separately trapped. 

In apartments, flats, lodging and tenement houses 
where the refrigerator wastes extend through two (2) 
or more stories, the waste line shall extend through 
the roof. 

The branches or vertical lines shall be made by Y 
or TY fittings and cleanouts provided to control the 
horizontal part of the waste pipe. 

These wastes may discharge into a downspout trap 
or cellar drain, but their ends shall be left open inside 
the building. Where a single refrigerator is located in 
the basement or first floor, the waste pipe need not be 
extended through the roof. 

105 



^i\ 




r^ 



r 



/vi?^/- t//'^/r? t^//A 




Plate 30— Refrigerator Waste 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-207 



106 




Plate 31— Refrigerator Wastes On Two Floors 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-207 



107 




Plate 32— Grease Catch]Basin and Sink Connections 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-210 
Title 14, Sec. 12,600-248 



108 



Sec. 12600-208— Overflow pipes. The overflow 
pipes from a water supply tank shall not be directly 
connected with any drain, soil or waste pipe. Such 
pipe shall discharge upon the roof or be trapped into 
an open fixture and discharge. 

Sec. 12600-209— Urinal safes. Urinal platforms 
and safes shall not be directly connected with any drain, 
soil or waste pipe, except when used in combination 
with a urinal floor gutter. 

The outlet of such gutter shall be provided with a 
brass strainer, a deep seal or drum trap and waste of 
not less than two (2) inches, with arrangements for 
flushing the same while in use. 

If such safe waste also serves as a floor waste outlet, 
the trap shall be at least three (3) inches in diameter. 

**Deep Seal" means not less than two and one-half 
inches. 

Sec. 12600-210— Kitchen wastes. Kitchen or other 
greasy wastes from hotels, restaurants, club houses, 
public institutions or other establishments in which 
much cooking is done or greasy wastes obtain, shall 
be intercepted by a catch basin or a grease trap, and 
then conducted to the house sewer. 

Sec. 12600-211 —Stable (and Garage) Wastes. 

All liquid wastes from barns (garages) stables, manure 
pits and stable yards shall be intercepted before enter- 
ing the sewer by a suitable catch basin, properly trap- 
ped. Said catch basin shall be provided with a vent not 
less than four (4) inches contmued through the roof. 

Garage Drains and Catch Basins 

[ In municipalities having a sewerage system, garage 
or other structures for the housing, sale or repair of 

109 



automobiles which is provided with a water supply of 
either a temporary or permanent character, or in 
which automobiles are washed, cleaned or repaired, 
shall be provided with proper means for draining the 
floors and repair pits, in such a manner that no drain- 
age therefrom shall flow over any street, alley or paved 
approach. Such drains shall be so arranged as to 
intercept all oil, gasoline or other inflammable fluids, 
as well as sand, silt and other solids for the purpose 
of excluding same from the sewerage system. 

Such diains shall have the accum.ulated oils and 
other inflammable fluids pumped or otherwise removed 
therefrom at regular intervals, and shall be so main- 
tained as to insure the exclusion of the same from the ; 
sewerage system. 

They shall also be kept free of sand, silt and other 
solids and shall be subject to a periodical inspection. 

They shall be so constructed as to have a sand re- 
ceptor of not less than twelve (12) inches in depth 
and diameter below the bottom of the outlet; a seal 
depth and diameter of not less than twelve inches in 
the drain with an outlet therefrom of not less than 
four (4) inches; a ventilating chamber of not less than 
twelve (12) inches in depth and diameter, with a sealed 
inlet opening not less than three (3) inches in diameter 
and a ventilating pipe leading from a ventilating 
chamber of not less than three (3) inches in diameter 
and carried up above the highest part of the roof and 
subject to the same conditions as for roof outlets of 
soil or waste pipes. 

The material for vent pipe must be the same as re- 
quired for house drains when below ground, and for 
soil and waste vents when above ground. 

110 



Ea 







Plate 33— Garage Catch Basin 
Title 10, Sec. 12,600-211 



111 



The above capacity for the sand receptor is based on 
a storage capacity of two automobiles and a propor 
tionate cubical capacity must be added for each addi 
tional automobile capacity, with corresponding diamej 
of the drain carried to the floor line. 

Every building hereafter constructed or converted 
into a place of business where gasoline, benzine, nap- 
tha, or other inflammable oils or compounds are used, 
also any existing building where such business is car- 
ried on, shall be provided with a special drain the 
same as that required above for garages. A wash 
basin in a garage may discharge into the pipe leading 
from the ventilating chamber. Such catch basins may 
be constructed of cast iron, earthenware pipe with not 
less than foiir (4) inches of Portland cement concrete 
surrounding it and including the trapped outlet, or of 
concrete or brick as required for tight cesspools.] 



idi- :M 



112 




Plate 34— General 
113 



TITLE 11 
Fixtures 



1 



Section 12600-212— Materials. All receptacles used 
for water closets, urinals or otherwise for the disposal 
of human excreta, shall be either vitrified earthenware 
hard natural stone or cast iron white porcelain enamel- 
ed on in- side. If cast iron is used, it shall be enamel- 
ed or painted on the outside with at least three (3) 
coats of non-absorbent and non-corrosive paint. 

Sec. 12600-213— Water closet bowls. The bowls 
and traps for water closets shall be made in one piece 
and of such shape and form as to hold a sufficient 
quantity of water when filled up to the trap overflow 
so as to completely submerge any matter deposited in 
them and properly flush and scour the soil pipe when 
the contents of the bowl are discharged, except that 
nothing in this section shall apply to latrine closets. 

Sec. 1 2600-2 1 4— Visible trap seal. All water closets 
pedestal urinals or slop sinks with trap combined, shall 
have visible trap seals. 

Sec. 12600-215— Flushing rims. All water closets 
or pedestal urinals shall be provided with flushing rims, 
constructed so as to flush the entire interior surface of 
the bowl thereof with water as prescribed in subsequent 
sections of this title. 

Sec. 12600-216— Open plumbing. All plumbing fix- 
tures shall be installed or set free and open from all 
enclosing work. . 

Where practicable all pipes from fixtures shall be 
run to the wall. 

["Practicable" means that all pipes from fixtures 
should waste to the wall to avoid damage in cleaning 

114 



floors and for the purpose of obtaining a directly rising 
vent from a vertical waste line.] 

Sec. 12600-217 — Low down closets. Water closets 
with low down tanks shall be of a syphon pattern, 
provided with re-filling devices. 

Sec. 12600-218— Water closets prohibited. Pan, 
valve, plunger, offset washout and other water closets 
except latrines having invisible seals or an unventilat- 
ed space, or the walls of which are not thoroughly 
washed at each discharge are prohibited. 

Long hopper water closets, and similar appliances 
shall not hereafter be installed in any building, [except 
as provided in Sec. 12600-223]. 

The provisions of this section shall also apply to the 
dry closet system or other system of closets in which 
the venting, back venting or local venting is to be 
made otherwise than in this code prescribed. 

Sec, 12600-219— Urinals. All urinals, troughs or 
gutters other than these heretofore prescribed, shall 
be constructed of materials impervious to moisture and 
that will not corrode under the action of urine. When 
floor gutters are used as urinals the gutters shall be 
made with Portland cement or other impervious 
material and the floors and walls within five (5) feet 
of such gutter shall be made equally water tight and 
impervious. In districts having no sewer connections 
copper or galvanized iron urinal troughs may be used 
in outhouses, sheds, barns and in yards and at least 
twenty (20) feet distant from any building of a better 
grade. 

Sec. 12600-220— Wooden trays and sinks. Fixed 
wooden wash trays or sinks are prohibited in any 
building or part of building designed or used for 
human habitation. 

115 



Sec. 12600-221— Bath tubs. No new copper lined 
wooden bath tubs shall be installed, nor shall any old 
fixture of this class be reconnected. Any defective 
bath tub condemned by the proper authorities must be 
removed. 

Sec. 12600-222 — Latrines and range closets. La- 
trine or range water closets shall be made of cast iron 
with all interior surfaces white porcelain enameled and 
all other surfaces coated with non-corrosive paint; or, 
latrines or range closets may be of vitrous earthenware 
thoroughly glazed. 

Latrines or ranges shall have flushing rims or other 
means of adequately flushing the front and rear inside 
surfaces constantly or at intervals. If pipes are used 
for such purposes they shall be made of brass. 

Latrines or ranges shall be provided with automatic 
dumping tanks which shall discharge at intervals of 
not more than ten (10) minutes, and supply to each 
single latrine or range not less than ten (10) gallons 
of water at each discharge. The entire volume of 
water shall be delivered at once at one end of the la- 
trine or range, passing over the entire length of the 
same and discharging at the other end through the 
sewer trap. Latrines in school buildings shall be flush- 
ed at least every three minutes during recess periods. 

The bottom of latrines or ranges shall have a 
depression under the center of each seat, that shall 
retain a body of water at least one and one-half (1)4) 
inch deep over an area of six (6) inches in diameter; 
gradually diminishing in all directions so that the sur- 
face of the water retained shall not be lesst han sixty 
(60) square inches. 

116 



There shall be an opening back of each seat of not 
less than ten (10) square inches of area, covered by a 
screen of non-corroding material. 

The local vent duct within four (4) feet of the floor 
line shall be of not less than No. 27 copper, with riveted 
and soldered joints, shall be graduated in size in pro- 
portion to the fixtures added, and shall be installed in 
such a manner as to be self -draining. 

Where electric current or water pressure is available 
local vent ducts shall be connected to a ventilating flue 
provided with an electric or hydraulic exhaust fan of 
such a capacity or size as to create sufficient draught 
to carry off all offensive odors. Where electric current 
or water pressure is not available, ventilating flues 
with stack heaters shall be provided. 

Covers shall be so attached that all interior surfaces 
of the latrines and ranges can be exposed to view. 

No latrine or range shall have more than eight (8) 
compartments and each latrine or range shall have a 
separate trap not less than six (6) inches with a four 
(4) inch cleanout which shall be back vented by a four 
inch pipe. 

There shall be an iron top for each latrine or range 
section porcelain coated on the under side and each 
iron top shall be covered by a square oak seat and lid 
properly re-enforced. 

Wood seats shall be thoroughly painted on the bot- 
tom and be varnished throughout; put together with 
brass hinges, cast iron braces and brackets to make 
them closed when not held up, and so equipped that 
they cannot be tampered with and can be easily opened 
for cleaning. 

Latrines and ranges shall be substantially supported 
and be graduated for the proper fall towards the outlet. 

117 



Sec. 12600-223 — Frost proof closets — where per- 
missible. Frost proof closets may only be installed in 
compartments which have no direct connection with 
any building used for human habitation or occupancy. 
The soil pipe between the hopper and the trap shall 
be not less than three (3) inches in diameter, and shall 
be either lead or cast iron enameled on the inside. 

Sec. 12600-224— Water Supply to fixtures. All 

water closets, urinals or other plumbing fixtures, shall 
be provided with a sufficient supply of water for flush- 
ings, to keep them in a proper and sanitary condition. 

Sec. 12600-225— Water closet supply. No water 
closet or urinal bowl shall be supplied directly from 
the water supply pipes, excepting anti-freezing closets 
(or by an approved Flushometer valve). Every water 
closet or urinal bowl shall be indirectly flushed through 
a flushing tank of at least four (4) gallons capacity for 
each water closet and two (2) gallons for each urinal. 
The tank shall be properly supplied with water and 
the flush pipe to the water closet or urinal shall be at 
least one and one-quarter (IX) inches in diameter, 
except for outside hoppers and urinals. 

Sec. 12600-226 — Flushing tanks - groups of fixtures. 

A group of urinals, on the same floor, subject to con- 
stant use as in schools and factories may be supplied 
from one (1) tank, if provided with an automatic 
simultaneous flush provided that each individual urinal 
shall receive not less than one (1) gallon of water at 
each flushing and the discharge is of such force as to 
cleanse each individual bowl at each flush. 

Sec. 12600-227— Automatic flushing tanks. All 

urinals having either intermittent or automatic flushing 
devices shall be flushed at regular intervals not to ex- 

ll8 



ceed ten (10) minutes each during the hours that such 
fixtures are in use. 

The backs of gutter stalls to the height of three and 
one-half feet shall be kept constantly moist with a 
proportionate supply of water while in use. 

Sec. 12600-228— Urinal trough and gutters. Urinal 
troughs and gutters shall be flushed either by an auto- 
matic flushing tank the same as required for individual 
urinals, or may be flushed by a direct water supply 
through a brass pipe carried the full length of the 
trough, perforated every two (2) inches. 

Sec. 12600-229— Flushing tanks. All valves of 
flushing tanks shall be so fitted and adjusted as to pre- 
vent the waste of water. The water from flushing- 
tanks shall be used for no other purposes. 

TITLE 12 
Toilet Rooms 

Section 12600-230— Toilet room floors. All floors 
to toilet rooms, lavatories, water closet compartments, 
or any other enclosure where plumbing fixtures are 
used within the building, shall have a waterproof floor 
and base made of non-absorbent indestructible water- 
proof material, viz: asphalt, glass, marble, Portland 
cement, vitrified or glazed tile or terrazzo or monolithic 
composition. 

Base shall not be less than six (6) inches high and 
shall have a sanitary cove at the floor level. 

Exceptions. In apartments, tenements, and dwell- 
ings, the above prescribed floor and base will not be 
required, but water closets shall be set on a marble 
slab or Mle or other non-absorbent, incombustible 
material not less than seven-eights ( y^ ) inches thick, 

119 



extending at least one (1) foot in front of such closet 
and^not less than thirty (30) inches in width. 

No water closet shall be set directly on top of a wood 
floor. 



Sec. 12600-231 — Sound proof partitions. Where 
toilet rooms for males and females are adjacent to each 
other, they shall be separated by sound proof partitions 
extending to the ceiling and the entrance shall be 
screened and the traveling distance between them 
shall not be less than twenty (20) feet. 

Sec. 12600-232 — Toilet Rooms, Doors and Covering. 

In all buildings the outside partition of any water closet 
or urinal apartment shall be solid and extend to the 
ceiling or be independently ceiled over. When neces- 
sary to light such apartments the upper part of the 
partitions shall be provided with translucent glass. 
The interior partitions of such apartments shall be 
dwarf partitions. 

All urinals, urinal troughs or gutters shall be divided 
into stalls not less than eighteen (18') inches wide by 
partitions not less than four feet six inches (4' 6") 
high measuring from floor line and nine (9) inches 
wide, raised not less than one ( 1 ) foot above the floor. 

No room containing water closets or urinals shall be 
less than seven feet high. 

TITLE 13 

Inspection and Tests 

Section 12600-233— Nature of tests. All piping of 
a drainage or plumbing system shall be given two (2) 
tests by the plumber in charge; first the roughing in 
with a water, smoke, or air test; second and final with 
smoke both to be made in the presence of the proper 
authorities. 

120 






Sec. 12600-234— Material and order of test. The 

material and labor for the tests shall be furnished by 
the plumber. 

The tests shall be made in the following order: 1st, 
the house drain; 2d, the soil and waste vents and all 
vertical piping; 3d, the final on the whole system. The 
first and second tests may be combined, but the second 
shall not be made until after the first. 

Sec. 12600-235— House drains. The house drain shall 
be tested with the water, smoke or air test. The water 
test shall have a ten foot head of water and the smoke 
and air test a five pound pressure. All alteration, re- 
pairs or extensions which shall include more than ten 
(10) feet, shall be inspected and tested. 

Sec. 12600-236 — Stable, garage and yard drains. 

If a stable, garage or any part of a stable is used for 
human habitation the same tests and inspection of the 
plumbing and drainage system thereof shall be made 
as in the case of an ordinary dwelling. 

Sec. 12600-237 — Conductor pipes. Conductor pipes 
and their roof connections within the walls of buildings, 
or conductor branches on the outside system where 
such branches connect with .the house drains or are 
less than three (3) feet from the wall of the building 
shall be tested by the water test. [Conductor branches 
on outside system may be tested with house drain as 
in section 12600-235.] 

Sec. 12600-238 — Covering of work. No part of any 
plumbing or drainage system shall be covered until it 
has been inspected and tested and approved, except as 
previously provided for in Title 5, Section 6 [Sec. 
12600467]. 

121 



Sec. 12600-239— Fixtures— final test. When a 
plumbing drainage system is completed and the water 
is turned on and the traps filled, it shall be inspected 
and tested. When the location or style of any fixture 
is changed it shall be inspected. 

Sec. 12600-240— Water and Air Test. Soil, waste, 
vent and inside conductor pipe stacks, and all work 
known as "rough" work between the house drain con- 
nections to points above the finished floors and beyond 
the finished face of walls and partitions, shall be tested 
with water, air or smoke when the whole stack is 
completed and topped out above the roof. 

The water test shall be applied by closing the opening 
at the outlet end of the house drain and all openings 
in the piping with proper testing plugs to the highest 
opening above the roof, and completely filling the sys- 
tem with water; the water columns to be left standing 
al least fifteen (15) minutes; if the water level remains 
constant such time the system shall have been accept- 
ably tested. 

When water is not available or when there is danger 
of freezing, the air or smoke test shall be used with a 
pressure of five (5) pounds, using- an .open mercury 
guage with ten (10) inches of mercury. 



J 



122 




Plate 35— Water Test 
Title 13, Sec. 12,600-240 



123 



Sec. 12600-241 — Smoke test. The drainage system 
of all new buildings and all new soil, waste or vent 
pipe stacks hereafter installed in existing buildings 
shall be given their final tests with smoke. 

The smoke machine shall be connected to any suit" 
able opening or outlet in the system, and when the 
system is completely filled with dense pungent smoke, 
and the openings emit smoke they shall be closed and 
an air pressure equivalent to a one (1) inch water col- 
umn shall be applied and left standing at least ten (10) 
minutes. If there is no leakage or forcing of trap 
seals, the system shall be deemed air or gas tight. 
But nothing in this section shall be so construed as to 
prevent the removal of any cleanout, or unsealing of 
trap to ascertain if the smoke has reached all parts 
of the system. 



124 




Plate 36— Final Smoke or Air, Test 
Title 13, Sec. 12,600-241 



125 




Plate 37— Test Openings In Vent Stacks 
126 



Sec. 12600-242— Smoke tests — imperative. The 

smoke test shall be used in testing the sanitary condi- 
tions of the drainage or plumbing system of all build- 
ings, where there is reason to believe that the plumbing 
system has become dangerous or defective on account 
of settlement of the buildings or by abuse, accident or 
other cause. 

Sec. 12600-243— Defective work. If tests show 
defects the defective work or material shall be replaced 
within three (3) days and the test again applied. In 
all cases the inspector shall designate the points at 
which the pressure shall be relieved or drawn off. 

Sec. 12600-244 — Repairs. Tests shall not be required 
after repairing or replacing any old fixture, faucet or 
valve by a new one, to be used for the same purpose; 
forcing out stoppage, repairing leaks, or relieving fro- 
zen pipes and fittings; but such repairs or alterations 
shall not be construed to include cases where new 
vertical or horizontal lines of soil, waste, vent or interior 
leader or conductor pipes are used or their relative 
location changed; provided, that, in a building con- 
demned by the proper authorities because of the 
insanitary condition of the house drainage or plumbing, 
no such drainage or plumbing shall be considered as 
coming under the head of repairs, but all such house 
drainage or plumbing shall be installed as provided for 
in new buildings. 

Sec. 12600-245— Tests Not Required. No tests or 
inspections shall be required where a house drainage 
and plumbing system or part thereof is set up for 
exhibition purposes; nor shall the final test be required 
where the plumbing is placed in an outhouse, stable or 
detached building used exclusively for that purpose. 

127 



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'■::>^<^^^'^}^y^it ^^.. r ■ 









Plate 38 — Garbage Can Receiver 



128 



TITLE 14 
Catch Betsin 

Section 12600-246— Yard catch basins. Yard catch 
basins which receive surface drainage or the discharge 
from hydrants or waste pipes shall be not less than 
twelve (12) inches in diameter and have not less than 
a four (4) inch trapped outlet for cleaning, and placed 
below the frost line. Where the inlet is liable to injury, 
the same shall be provided with a heavy cast iron 
frame and strainer set flush with the grade. 

Sec. 12600-247 — Subsoil catch basins. Subsoil 
catch basins, located where the water fluctuation is 
such that a constant water seal on the trap outlet is 
not maintained, shall be located outside the walls of 
the building, provided with a ball cock attached to the 
water supply pipes for the maintenance of such seal. 
The trapped outlet for such catch basin shall be formed 
by turning a four (4) inch bend or invert down into 
the water of the basin to within six (6) inches of the 
bottom. 

Sec. 1 2600-248— Kitchen catch basins. Catch basins 
for receiving kitchen wastes, shall be constructed water 
tight either of brick, concrete, tile or cast iron. If of 
brick, tile or concrete they shall be at least twenty 
(20) inches internal diameter, and be finished with a 
stone or iron cover, 

Sec. 12600-249 — Kitchen catch basins — inverts and 
traps. The bottom of the catch basin shall be at least 
two (2) feet below the four (4) inch invert of the out- 
let to the sewer. 

The outlet shall be trapped to a depth of twelve (12) 
inches below the invert of the outlet to the sewer, to 
prevent the escape of grease, by a hood or trap of 
brick and cement mortar or a hood of concrete or cast 
iron. 

(5) 129 



The invert of the inlet to the catch basin, for kitchen 
wastes, shall not be less than two and one-half {2)4) 
feet above the finished bottom of the catch basin. 

TITLE 15 
Sumps and Ejectors 

Section 12600-250— Drainage below sewer level. 

In all buildings in which the whole or part of the house 
drainage and plumbing system thereof lies below the 
crown level of the main sewer, sewage or house wastes 
shall be lifted by artificial means and discharged into 
the house sewer. 

Sec. 12600-251 — Sumps and receiving tanks. All 

subhouse drains shall discharge into a perfectly air 
tight sump or receiving tank so located as to receive 
the sewage by gravity, from which sump or receiving 
tank the sewage shall be lifted and discharged into the 
house sewer by pumps, ejectors or any equally efficient 
method. 

Such sumps shall be either automatically discharged 
or be of sufficient capacity to receive the house sewage 
and wastes for not less than twenty-four (24) hours. 

Sec. 12600-252— Ejectors— vented. The soil or 
waste pipe leading to an ejector or other appliance for 
raising sewage or other waste matter to the street 
sewer, shall where a water closet or closets are in 
stalled, be provided with a soil or vent pipe not lessl 
than four (4) inches in diameter, and where fixtures 
other than water closets are installed the vent pipe 
shall be the same diameter as the waste pipe. 

Sec. 12600-253 — Motors, compressors, etc. All 

motors, air compressors and air tanks shall be located 
where they are open for inspection and repair at all 

130 



i 



times. The air tanks shall be so proportioned as to be 
of equal cubical capacity as the ejectors connected 
therewith, in which there shall be maintained an air 
pressure of not less than two (2) pounds for each foot 
of height the sewage is to be raised. 

Sec. 12600-254 — Ejectors for subsoil drainage. 
When subsoil catch basins are installed below the 
sewer level automatic water ejectors provided with a 
ball float attached to the main water supply shall be 
used. 

Such ejectors or any device raising subsoil water 
shall discharge into a properly trapped fixture. 

TITLE 16 

[*'Sewage Tank" is used in lieu of Cesspool; "Settling Tank", in 
lieu of Tight Cesspool; and "Leaching Well", in lieu of 
Leaching Cesspool.] 

Sewage Tanks 

Sec. 12600-255— Sewage tanks. Permitted. Set- 
tling tanks or leaching wells may be used to receive 
sewage or other domestic wastes only when written 
permission to that effect has been secured from the 
local board of health of the municipality in which the 
same is constructed, if in a municipality, and if not 
then from the Ohio State Board of Health, and such 
permission can be given only when a public sewerage 
system is not available. 

Sec. 12600-256— Sewage tanks prohibited. No 
tanks for sewage shall be constructed where a sewer 
is available nor shall any connection from such sewage 
tank be made with any sewer. 

Sewage tanks now existing in premises accessible to 

a sewer, and sewage tanks that may hereafter become 

accessible to a sewer shall be discontinued, emptied of 

their contents, cleaned out and be filled with earth or 

131 



ashes and the house sewer shall be disconnected from 
the old sewage tank and be reconnected with the pub- 
lic sewer. 

Sec. 12600-257— Sewage tanks. Where a public 
sewer is not available, and written authority has been 
secured from the proper board of health (see section 
12600-255) to construct such tank and there is suffi- 
cient grounds for the purpose, a water tight settling 
tank may be used to receive the discharge of house 
sewage, which may be overflowed to a leaching well, 
providing there is no danger of contaminating a water 
supply, well or spring and the soil is of an absorbent 
character. Otherwise a settling tank shall only receive 
the discharge from water closets and sinks and the 
waste from all other fixtures shall discharge to a 
surface water course. 

Sec. 12600-258— Settling tanks. A settling tank 
for drainage shall not be less than six (6) feet in dia- 
meter by ten (10) feet deep in clear, or its equivalent 
built of cast iron; hard brick, eight (8) inches thick 
laid in Portland cement mortar and plastered on the 
inside with a one (1) inch coat of Portland cement 
mortar; or Portland cement concrete eight (8) inches 
thick, and made water tight. 

Sec. 12600-259— Leaching wells. A leaching well 
shall not be less than the dimensions of the settling 
tank lined with dry brick or stone, viz: without mortar. 

Sec. 12600-260— Ring and cover. Settling tanks 
and leaching wells shall be provided with a twenty (20) 
inch cast iron ring and [perforated] cover. 

132 




Plate 39— Settling Tank and Leaching Well 
Title 16, Sec 12,600-255 to 260 



133 



Sec. 12600-261 — Location of sewage tanks. No 

settling tanks shall be placed within two (2) feet of 
any lot line or twenty (20) feet of any building or 
cistern or thirty (30) feet from any well, spring or 
other source of water supply used for drinking or 
culinary purposes and shall be maintained tight. 

No leaching well shall be placed within one hundred 
(100) feet of any dwelling or water tight cistern or 
within three hundred (300) feet of the source of any 
water supply. 



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Settling Tanks 

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Plate 40— Location of Tight Settling Tanks 

Title 16, Sec 12,600-261 

134 



Sec. 12600-262— Cesspool-vents. Tight cesspools 
shall be vented with four (4) inch cast iron vent pipe 
extending not less than ten (10) feet above the ground 
and not less than twenty (20) feet from any window, 
door or other opening in buildings used for human 
habitation. 

Substitute— Sewage tank vents. Sewage tanks shall 
be provided with perforated covers and inverts on in- 
let and outlet arms shall be constructed by the proper 
use of "Ys", sanitary tees or crosses with vertical 
branch open to allow the free passage of air through 
sewage tank, house sewer, house drain and vent stacks. 

Sec. 12600-263— Piping. The outlet from the set- 
tling tank shall be through a deep invert the same size 
as the house sewer and the piping between the settling 
tank and leaching well may be either of vitrified tile or 
cast iron. 



TITLE 17 
Sewage Treatment Works 

Section 12600-264 — Permission to construct and 
use. Septic tanks and filtration beds can be constructed 
only after the site has been inspected and the plans and 
specifications for the construction of the same approved 
by the Ohio state board of health, and no such tank or 
bed can be used to receive sewage or other domestic 
wastes until after the construction and equipment of 
the same has been approved in writing by the Ohio 
state board of health. 



135 



TITLE 18 

Vaults 

Section 12600-265 — Privy vaults permitted. Privy 
vaults may be constructed only on premises where 
water and sewers are not accessible. 

Sec. 12600-266— Privy vaults prohibited. Privy 
vaults shall not be constructed where a sewerage sys- 
tem is available, nor on any lot where in cleaning, the 
night soil would have to be carried through any 
building of human habitation, nor shall any old vault 
be connected to a sewer. 

Vaults now existing on premises accessible to a sewer 
shall be cleaned to the bottom and filled with ashes or 
earth. 

Sec. 12600-267— Location of vault. No vault, man- 
ure pit, open top settling tank, septic tank or other res- 
ervoir which is used as a privy or receptacle for human 
or animal excreta shall be located within two (2) feet 
of any lot or alley line or twenty (20) feet of any 
street line or any building of human habitation or 
occupancy or within fifty (50) feet of any cistern, well, 
spring, or other source of water supply used for drinking 
or culinary purposes, whether they are located on the 
same or an adjoining lot, or premises. 

Exception. No privy vault shall be located within 
fifty (50) feet of any school building. 



136 



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PLATE SHOWING 

LEAST DISTANCES OF 

Privies 

From Wells. Gsivms. Houses, Lot 
Allev a Street Lines 

OHIO STATE BULDiNG (M. 



Plate 41 — Location Privies 
Title 18, Sec. 12,600-267 



137 



Sec. 12600-268— Construction of vaults. AH vaults, 
pits or other open top reservoirs described in section 
12600-267 shall be made of either brick or concrete. 
The walls of such vaults, if made of brick, shall be of 
hard burned sewer brick, not less than eight inches 
thick, laid in Portland cement mortar and the walls 
plastered outside and inside with a half "inch coat of 
Portland cement mortar, in proportion of one part of 
Portland cement and two parts of clean, sharp sand. 
After this coating is put on it shall be given one coat 
wash of liquid Portland cement. The bottom shall be 
at least three brick course laid in cement mortar, or of 
Portland cement concrete mortar eight inches thick. 

When Portland cement concrete is used to construct 
vaults, the walls shall be at least six inches thick; laid 
to a form, and the concrete shall be made of one part 
of live Portland cement, three parts of clean, sharp 
sand, five parts crushed stone, free from dust and of 
sizes between one-quarter and one and one-half inches 
in largest diameter, and shall be plastered and grouted 
inside and out as prescribed above for brick construc- 
tion. 

Vaults shall be made tight and their walls continued 
twelve (12) inches above the ground surface to pre- 
vent surface drainage. No retempered cement shall 
be used. 

If the vault is used in connection with an outhouse, 
the vault shall be of such a shape and size as not to 
extend under any portion of the floor of the said out- 
house but only under the space occupied by the seats. 
Any portion of the vault extending beyond the walls 
of the outhouse shall be covered by a four (4) inch 
brick arch, four (4) inch stone flagging, reinforced 
concrete slab or cast iron. 

138 




Plate 42— Typical Privy Vault and Outhouse 
Title 18. Sec. 12,600-268 to 272 



139 



Sec. 12600-269— Outhouses. Over each privy, 
vault, which shall receive nothing but human excreta, 
there shall be placed an outhouse constructed as pre- 
scribed in title 12, section 12600-232. 

The seats shall be provided with tight fitting covers 
and the space underneath shall be ventilated by a vent 
pipe or box extending upward thru and three (3) feet 
above the roof. Such vent pipe shall be at least six 
(6) square inches for every square yard or part there- 
of of vault surface. 



Sec. 12600 270— Cleanout doors. Vaults shall be 
provided with a cleanout extension not less than two 
(2) by one and one -half (1/4) feet in size, connecting 
directly with the vault. 

. Cleanout shall be provided v/ith a trap door the full 
size of the cleanout. Cleanout extension shall extend 
at least one (1) foot above the grade line. 

Sec. 12600-271— Floors. Floors of outhouses shall 
be made as tight as possible. 

Sec. 12600-272— Outhouses for different sexes. 

Where outhouses are provided for the different sexes, 
if located within forty (40) feet of each other, the 
walks or approaches thereto shall be separated by a 
tight fence, at least six (6) feet high, but in no case 
shall such outhouses be located within ten (10) feet of 
each other. 



140 



TITLE 19 

Sec. 12600-273— Pumps and hydrants. Pumps and 
hydrants shall be placed in the center of a concrete or 
cement platform not less than six (6) feet in diameter. 

Platform shall be placed six (6) inches above the 
natural grade line, and be graded up around the same 
to within two (2) inches of the top of the pjatformand 
in such a manner as to run all surface-water away from 
the pump or hydrant. 

Pumps and hydrants shall be provided with concrete 
or cement gutters, or sewer pipe drains which will carry 
away all waste water and discharge same at a point 
not less then twenty (20) feet distant from the pump 
or hydrant. 



ATTENTION OF ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS 

In designing a plumbing and drainage system archi- 
tects and engineers should bear in mind that adequate 
pipe space must be provided in order that the system 
may be installed in an efficient and economical manner. 

Whether in walls or partitions or beneath floors 
sufficient pipe space must be provided to eliminate 
complicated and undesirable construction and the use 
of unnecessary fittings^ which add to the cost of labor 
and material without increasing the efficiency of the 
system. 



141 




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Plate 43 — Adequate Pipe Space Provided Insures 
Efficient and Economical Installation 



142 




Plate 44— Dimension of Pipe Channels 
143 



LAWS OF OHIO 

RELATING TO THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF 
BOARDS OF HEALTH, COUNTY COMMIS- 
SIONERS AND MUNICIPAL COUNCILS 
IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
ADVANCEMENT OF 
SANITATION 

NUISANCES 

Section 4420 — Abatement of nuisances by board 
of health. The board of health shall abate and remove 
all nuisances within its jurisdiction. It may by order 
therefor compel the owners, agents, assignees, occu- 
pants, or tenants of any lot, property, building or 
structure to abate and remove any nuisance therein, 
and prosecute them for neglect or refusal to obey such 
orders. Except in cities having a building department 
or otherwise exercising the power to regulate the 
erection of buildings, the board of health may regulate 
the location, construction, and repair of water-closets, 
privies, cesspools, sinks, plumbing and drains. In 
cities having such departments or exercising such 
power, the council by ordinance shall prescribe such 
rules and regulations as are approved by the board of 
health, and shall provide for their enforcement. 

Sec. 4421 — Other powers of the board. The board 
of health may also regulate the location, construction 
and repair of yards, pens and stables, and the use, 
emptying and cleaning thereof, and of water-closets, 
privies, cesspools, sinks, plumbing, drains, or other 
places where offensive or dangerous substances or 

144 



liquids are or may accumulate. When a building, 
erection, excavation, premises, business, pursuit, matter 
or thing, or the sewerage, drainage, plumbing, or 
ventilation thereof is, in the opinion of the board of 
health, in a condition dangerous to the life or health, 
and when a building or structure is occupied or rented 
for living or business purposes and sanitary plumb- 
ing and sewerage are feasible and necessary, but 
neglected or refused, the board of health may declare 
it a public nuisance and order it to be removed, abated, 
suspended, altered, or otherwise improved or purified 
by the owner, agent or other person having control there- 
of, or responsible for such condition, and may prosecute 
them for the refusal or neglect to obey such order. 
The board may also, by its officers and employes, remove, 
abate, suspend, alter, or otherwise improve or purify 
them and certify the costs and expense thereof to the 
county auditor, to be assessed against the property, 
and thereby made a lien upon it and collected as other 
taxes. 

Sec. 4422 — Proceedings where order of board is 
neglected or disregarded. When such order of the 
board of health is neglected or disregarded, in whole 
or in part, the board may elect to cause the arrest and 
prosecution of all persons offending, or may elect to do 
and perform, by its officers and employes, what the 
offending party should have done. If the latter course 
is chosen, before the execution of the order of the 
board is begun, it shall cause a citation to issue, and 
be served upon the persons responsible, if residing 
within the jurisdiction of the board, but if not, shall 
cause it to be mailed by registered letter to such person, 
if the address is known or can be found by ordinary 
diligence. If the address cannot be found, the board 

145 



shall cause the citation to be left upon the premises, 
in charge of any person residing thereon, otherwise it 
shall be posted conspicuously thereon. The citation 
shall briefly recite the cause of complaint, and require 
the owner or other person or persons responsible to 
appear before the board at a time and place stated, or 
as soon thereafter as a hearing can be had, and show 
cause, if any, why the board should not proceed and 
furnish the material and labor necessary to, and remove 
the cause of complaint. 

Sec. 4423 — Further proceedings. If the person or 
persons cited appear, he or they shall be fully apprised 
of the cause of complaint and given a fair hearing. 
The board shall then make such order as it deems 
proper, and if material or labor is necessary to satisfy 
the order, and the person or persons cited promise, 
within a definite and reasonable time, to furnish them, 
the board shall grant such time. If no promise is 
made, or kept, the board shall furnish the material and 
labor, cause the work to be done, and certify the cost 
and expense to the auditor of the county. If the ma- 
terial and labor are itemized, and the statement is 
accompanied by the certificate of the president of the 
board, attested by the clerk, reciting the order of the 
board, and that the amount is correct, the auditor shall 
have no discretion, but shall place the sum against the 
property upon which the material and labor were ex- 
pended, which shall, from the date of entry, be a 
lien upon the property, and be paid as other taxes are 
paid. 

Sec. 4424 — Nuisance or unsanitary conditions on 
school property may be corrected. The board of health 
shall abate all nuisances and may remove or correct 
all conditions detrimental to health or well-being found 

146 



- 



upon school property by serving an order upon the 
board of education, school board or other persons re- 
sponsible for such property, for the abatement of such 
nuisance or condition within a reasonable but fixed 
time. A person failing to comply with such order, un- 
less good and sufficient reason therefor is shown, shall 
be fined not to exceed one hundred dollars. The board 
may appoint such number of inspectors of schools and 
school buildings as it deems necessary to properly carry 
out these provisions. 

Sec. 4411 — Sanitary police; powers; number. The 

board may also appoint as many persons for sanitary 
duty as in its opinion the public health and sanitary 
condition of the corporation require, and such persons 
shall have general police powers, and be known as the 
sanitary police, but the council may determine the max- 
imum number of employees so to be appointed. 

Sec. 4413 — Orders and regulations. The board of 
health of a municipality may make such orders and reg- 
ulations as it deems necessary for its own government, 
for the public health, the prevention or restriction of 
disease, and the prevention, abatement or suppression 
of nuisances. Orders and regulations not for the gov- 
ernment of the board, but intended for the general 
public, shall be adopted, advertised, recorded an cer- 
tified as are ordinances of municipalities, and the rec- 
ord thereof shall be given, in all courts of the state, 
the same force and effect as is given such ordinances. 

Sec. 4414 — Penalty for violation. Whoever violates 
any provision of this chapter, or any order or regulation 
of the board of health made in pursuance thereof, or 
obstructs or interferes with the execution of such order, 

147 



or wilfully or illegally omits to obey such order, shall be 
fined not to exceed one hundred dollars or imprisoned 
for not to exceed ninety days, or both, but no person 
shall be imprisoned under this section for the first of- 
fense, and the prosecution shall always be as and for a 
first offense, unless the affidavit upon which the prose- 
cution is instituted, contains the allegation that the 
offense is a second or repeated offense. 

Sec. 4415 — Violation by a corporation If such 
violation, obstruction, interference, or omission be by 
a corporation, it shall forfeit and pay to the proper 
municipality a sum not to exceed three hundred 
dollars, to be collected in a civil action brought in the 
in the name of the municipality. Any officer of such 
corporation having authority over the matter, and 
permitting such violation, shall be subject to fine or 
imprisonment, or both, as heretofore provided. The 
judgment herein authorized being in the nature of a 
penalty, or exemplary damage, no proof of actual 
damages shall be required, but the court or jury, finding 
other facts to justify recovery, shall determine the 
amount by reference to the facts, culpatory, ex- 
culpatory, or extenuating, adduced upon the trial. 

Sec. 4416 — Prosecution; how instituted. Prosecu- 
tions under this chapter and the civil actions provided 
for in the preceding section, shall be instituted before 
a justice of the peace within the county, or justice of 
the peace, mayor or police judge of the municipality 
where the offense was committed, or the offending 
person resides. 

Sec. 4417— Trial by jury. If imprisonment is or 
may be a primary penalty, the court shall, after plea 

148 



of not guilty, unless a trial by jury is waived, issue a 
venire to any constable of the county, containing the 
names of sixteen electors residing within the county, 
to serve as jurors to try such cases. Each party shall 
be entitled to two peremptory challenges, and challenges 
for cause in all particulars, as in criminal cases in the 
court of common pleas. If the sixteen names are ex- 
hausted without obtaining a panel of twelve, the court 
may direct the constable to summon any bystanders 
to fill the panel to twelve, or on demand shall issue 
other venires for four electors at a time, until the 
panel of twelve is full. 

Sec. 4418— Fines and costs. In prosecutions under 
this chapter, no deposits for costs shall be required. A 
judgment or verdict of guilty shall be immediately 
followed by sentence and execution thereof, unless sus- 
pended pending the preparation and allowance of a bill 
of exceptions. All fines collected under this chapter 
shall be paid to the treasurer of the municipality and 
credited to the sanitary fund of the board of health 
instituting the prosecution. No fine imposed in any 
prosecution under this section shall be remitted by the 
magistrate before whom the complaint is made. 

Sec. 1 247 — Prosecutions and proceedings. All prose- 
cutions and proceedings by the state board of health 
for the violation of a provision of this chapter which 
the board is required to enforce, or for the violation of 
any of the orders or regulations of the board, shall be 
instituted by its secretary on the order of the presi- 
dent of the board. The laws prescribing the modes of 
procedure, courts, practice, penalties or judgments ap- 
plicable to local boards of health, shall apply to the 

149 



state board of health and the violation of its rules and 
orders. All fines or judgments collected by the board 
shall be paid into the state treasury to the credit of 
such board. 

POWERS OF COUNCIL 

Municipal councils are authorized to legislate on the 
subjects mentioned under this head. 

Sec. 3639 — Sanitation. To regulate by ordinance, 
the use, control, repair and maintenance of buildings 
used for human occupancy or habitation, the number 
of occupants, and the mode and manner of occupancy, 
for the purpose of insuring the healthful, safe an sani- 
tary environment of the occupants thereof; to compel 
the owners of such buildings to alter, reconstruct or 
modify them, or any room, store, compartment or part 
thereof, for the purpose of insuring the healthful, safe 
and sanitary environment of the occupants thereof; 
and to prohibit the use and occupancy of such build- 
ing or buildings until such rules, regulations and pro- 
visions have been complied with. 

Sec. 3647 — Water-courses and sewers. To open, 
construct and keep in repair sewage disposal works, 
sewers, drains and ditches, and to establish, repair and 
regulate water-closets and privies. 

Sec. 3648 — Public conveniences. To establish, 
maintain and regulate public baths and bath houses, 
drinking fountains, water troughs, and public toilet 
stations and municipal lodging houses. 

Sec. 3988 — In a municipality in which gas works 
are constructed, council may provide, by ordinance, 
for the appointment of an officer, to be known as in- 

150 



spector of gas, whose duty it shall be to inspect all 
gas meters, and certify the correctness of all bills 
against consumers of gas, make photometric tests, and 
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by 
ordinance, and the council shall fix his compensation. 
Council may also provide for the inspection and test- 
ing of meters used for measuring electric current for 
electric light, power or other purposes, furnished by 
any individual or company within the corporation, and 
may prescribe a suitable charge for such inspection 
and testing, and the manner of collecting it. 

Sec 3637.— An Act * * * to provide for the licens- 
ing of house movers, electrical contractors, plumbers 
and sewer tappers, and vault cleaners. 



COUNTY COMMISSIONERS HAVE AUTHORITY 

TO ERECT AND MAINTAIN PUBLIC 

COMFORT STATIONS 

Sec. 2419. A court house, jail, public comfort sta- 
tion, offices for county officers, and an infirmary, shall 
be provided by the commissioners when, in their judg- 
ment, they, or any of them, are needed. Such build- 
ings and offices shall be of such style, dimensions, and 
expense, as the commissioners determine. They shall 
provide all rooms, fire and burglar proof vaults and 
safes, and other means of security in the office of the 
county treasury, necessary for the protection of public 
moneys and property therein. 

Sec. 2433. When, in their opinion, it is necessary 
the commissioners may purchase a site for a court 
house or jail, or public comport station, or land for an 

151 



infirmary, or a detention home, or additional land for 
an infirmary or county children's home at such price 
and upon such terms of payment, as are agreed upon 
between them and the owner or owners of the proper- 
ty. The title to such real estate shall be conveyed 
in fee simple to the county. 

Sec. 2444. Before the county commissioners 
purchase lands to erect a building or bridge, the ex- 
pense of which exceeds one thousand dollars, they shall 
publish and circulate handbills, and publish in one or 
more newspapers of the county notice of their inten- 
tion to make such purchase, erect such building or 
bridge, and the location thereof, for at least four con: 
secutive weeks prior to the time of that purchase, build- 
ing, or location is made; except in case the county has 
land or buildings on or in or under which a public com- 
fort station can be erected or installed, in which case 
the publication of such handbills and in newspapers 
shall not be necessary. Such county commissioners 
shall here all petitions for, and remonstrances against 
such proposed purchase, location or improvement. 
When a public comfort station has been erected or in- 
stalled as herein provided by a board of county com- 
missioners, such boards shall have control over and 
maintain the same. 



USEFUL INFORMATION 

To find diameter of a circle multiply circumference by 

.31831. 
To find circumference of a circle multiply diameter by 

3.1416. 
To find area of a circle multiply square of diameter by 

.7854. 



152 



To find surface of a sphere multiply square of diameter 

by 3.1416. 
To find side of an equal square multiply diameter by 

.8862. 
To find cubic inches in a sphere multiply cube of dia- 
meter by .5236. 
Doubling the diameter of a pipe increase its capacity 

four times. 
Double riveting is from 16 to 20 percent, stronger than 

single. 
One cubic foot of anthracite coal weighs about 53 

pounds. 
One cubic foot of bituminous coal weighs from 47 to 

50 pounds. 
One ton of coal is equivalent to two cords of wood for 

steam purposes. 
A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 8y^ lbs. 

and contains 231 cubic inches. 
A cubic foot of water contains 7^ gallons, 1728 cubic 

inches, and weighs 62 >^ lbs. 
Each nominal horse power of a -boiler requires 30 to 

35 lbs. of water per hour. 
A horse power is equivalent to raising 33,000 lbs. one 

ft. per minute, or 550 lbs. one ft. per second. 
The average consumption of coal for steam boilers is 

12 lbs. per hour for each sq. ft. of grate surface. 
To sharpen dull files lay them in dilute sulphuric acid 

until they are eaten deep enough. 
Steam rising from water at its boiling point (212 degrees) 

has a pressure equal to the atmosphere (14.7 lbs. to 

the square inch). 
To evaporate one cubic foot of water requires the con- 
sumption of 7}4 lbs. of ordinary coal, or about 1 lb. 

of coal to 1 gallon of water. 

153 



Water Pressure — When the height, or head, of a column 
of water is known, the pressure exerted by it at the 
base of the column may be found by multiplying the 
head in feet, by .434; the product will be the pressure 
in pounds per square inch. 

When the pressure, in pounds per square inch, is 
known, the head may be found by multiplying the 
pressure by 2.3; the result will be the head of water 
in feet. 



CIRCUMFERENCE AND AREAS OF CIRCLES 



From IX to 12 




Diameter 


Circumference 


Area 


1^ in 

l>^in 

2 in 


3.9260 

4.7124 

6.2832 

7.8540 

9.4248 

10.9956 

12.5664 

15.7080 

18.8496 

21.9912 

25.1328 

28.2744 

31.4160 

34.5576 

37.6992 


1.2272 
1.7671 
3.1416 


2>^ in 

3 in 

3>^ in 

4 in . . : 

5 in 


4.9087 

7.0686 

9.6211 

12.5664 

19.6350 


6 in 

7 in 

8 in 

9 in 

10 in. 


28.2744 
38.4846 
50.2656 
63 6174 
78.540 


11 in 


95.033 


12 in 


113.098 



154 



Table Showing Pressure of Water at Different Elevations 



Head 
in Feet 


Pressure in 
Lbs. Per 

Square Inch 
At Base 


Head 
in Feet 


Pressure in 
Lbs. Per 

Square Inch 
At Base 


1 


.43 
.86 
1.30 
2.16 
4.33 
6.49 
8.66 
10.82 
12.99 
15.16 
17.32 
19.49 
21.65 
23.82 
25.99 
28.15 
30.32 
32.48 
34.65 
36.82 
38.98 
41.15 
43.31 
45.48 
47.64 
49.81 
51.98 
54.15 
56.31 
58.48 
60.64 
62.81 
64.97 
67.14 
69.31 
71.47 
73.64 
75.80 
77.97 
80.14 






2 

3 

5 

10 


190 
195 
200 
205 
210 
215 
220 
225 
230 
235 
240 
245 
250 
255 
260 
265 
270 
275 
280 
285 
290 
295 
300 
310 
320 
330 
340 
350 
360 
370 
380 
390 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
900 
1000 


82.30 
84.47 
86.63 
88.80 


15 


90.96 


20 

25 


93.14 
95.30 


30 

35 


97.49 
99.63 


40 


101.79 


45 


103.96 


50 


106.13 


55 


108.29 


60 


110.46 


65 


112.62 


70 


114.79 


75 


116.96 


80 


119.12 


85 


121.29 


90 

95 


123.45 
125.62 


100 


127.78 


105 

110 


129.95 
134.28 


115 


138.62 


120 

125 


142.95 
147.28 


130 


151.61 


135 


155.94 


140 . 


160.27 


145 


164.61 


150 .... 

155 

160 

165 

170 

175 

180 


168.94 
173.27 
216.58 
259.90 
303.22 
346.54 
389.86 


185 


433.18 



INDEX 

A 

Air — Section Page 

Amount required per capita. 20 

Circulation assured 12600-203 91 

Pure 20 

Respired .: 20 

Sewer 23 

Test- 
How made 12600-240 122 

Illustration— Plate No. 36 125 

Where required 12600-233 120 

235 121 

240 122 

Apartment Houses — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Application — 

For inspection 1261—6 25 

For permit 1261-6 .25 

Architects- 
Instructions to 34, 141 

Areas of Circles 154 

Ash Pit- 
Connection with bakery pro- 
hibited 1013 28 

Assembly Halls — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 12600-32 36 

Asylums — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 45 

Authority of — 

Boards of Health 144 to 150 

Councils 8, 13, 14, 150 

County Commissioners 13, 151 

Automatic Flush Tanks — 

For Latrines 12600-222 116 

For Urinals 12600-226 118 

227 119 

228 119 
For General 12600-229 119 

156 



B 

Section Page 
Back Pressure Valves — 

Where required 12600-182 81 

185 83 
Back Vents — 

Definition of term 51 

For adjoining fixtures 12600-202 91 

For water closets 12600-204 92 

Length from trap 12600-199 90 

Not required 12600-205 97 

Bakeshops — 

Ventilation of 28 

Wash rooms for 28 

Bar Fixture Waste 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plate No. 28 103 

Base of Stacks 12600-170 76 . 

Iron to earthenware 12600-163 74 

Bath Tub- 
Prohibited 12600-221 116 

Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 

Bath Traps- 
Approved construction — Plates 

Nos. 6 and 7 68 

Bath Waste- 
Connection to stack 100 

Connection to Y permissible 101 

Blow-off Connections — 
Approved construction — Plate 

No. 14 81 

For steam boilers 12600-183 81 

Approved cooling device — 

Plate No. 15 82 

Board of Health-^ 

Abatement of nuisance 4420 144 

4424 146 
Appointment of sanitary in- 
spectors 4411 147 

Cause the work to be done 4423 146 

Enforcement of Part 4, Sanita- 
tion 4413 8, 147 

Further proceedings 4423 146 

Nuisances, how abated 4420 144 

157 



Section Page 
Nuisances on school property — 

how abated 4424 146 

Orders and regulations..... 4413 147 

Other powers 4421 144 

Penalty for violating orders of 

the State Board of Health.... 1247 149 

4414 147 
Privy vaults, water closets, etc., 

may regulate 4420 144 

Proceedings where order neg- 
lected or disregarded 4422 145 

4423 146 

Violations by a corporation 4415 148 

Boilers — 

Double riviting 153 

Single riviting „ 153 

Branches in lead bend — 

Prohibited 12600-197 87 

Branch, Soil and Waste Ex- 
tensions - 12600-198 87 

Illustrations — Plates Nos. 18 

and 19 88-89 

Brass Ferrules — 

Table of 12600-145 60 

Brass Fittings 12603-145 59 

Thickness 12600-145 60 

Brass Pipe 12600-145 59 

Thickness and gauge 12600-145 60 

To cast iron — how connected.... 12600—153 63 
To wrought iron — how con- 
nected 12600-152 63 

Brass Screw Caps 12603-161 71 

Brass Soldering Nipples 12600-145 61 

Bushings — concaved brass 12630—155 64—65 

C 

Cast Iron Drainage Fittings 12600-143-B 58,59 

Cast Iron Fittings 12600-142-C 57 

143-C 59 
Cast Iron Pipe — 

Coating 12600-142-C 57 

Joints calked 12300-151 63 

158 



Section Page 

Joints threaded 12600-152 63 

Quality and weight 12600-142 57 

Catch Basins — 

For kitchen sink 12600-248 129 

For kitchen sinks, inverts and 

traps 12600-249 129 

Subsoil 12600-247 129 

Yard 12600-246 129 

Cellar Drain — 

When permitted 12600-160-1 70 

Cement Joints 12600-149 63 

Certificate of Approval — 

Issued 1261-5 25 

Revoked 1261-5 25 

Cesspools — 

Connections with 12600-173 78 

Vents 12600-262 135 

Change of direction — 

How made 12600-163 74 

Churches — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 49 

Circles — to find — 

Area of , 152, 154 

Circumference of 152, 154 

Diameter of 152,154 

Side of equal square 153 

Circuit Vent — 

How installed 97 

Illustration— Plates Nos. 23 

and 24 '. 95,96 

Cistern Connections 12600-180 80 

Classes of Buildings 12600-1 35 

Cleanouts — 

Accessible 12600-160-D 69 

Doors 12600-270 140 

Location 12600-161-D 73 

Illustration— Plate No. 10 72 

Manholes for 12690-161-C 73 

For traps 12600-160-D 69 

Quality 12600-161-A 71 

159 



Section Page 

Size of 12600-161-A, B 71,73 

Where required 12600-161-B 73 

Closets — 

Flushing rims 12600-215 114 

Frost proof 12600-223 118 

How constructed 12600-213 114 

Latrine 12600-222 116 

Low-down 12600-217 115 

Material required 12600-212 114 

Prohibited 12600-218 115 

Range 12600-222 116 

Size of Branch 12600-138 54 

Size of Trap 12600-138 54 

Supply 12600-225 118 

Club and Lodge Buildings — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 47 

Coal- 
Weight of cubic foot 153 

Equivalent in wood 153 

Consumption per hour 153 

Compressors 12600-253 130 

Conductors — 

Connection with prohibited 12600-188 84 

Definition of term 51 

Drain to curb 12600-177 79 

Inside— how installed 12600-187 83 

Not to connect 12600-186 83 

Outside — how connected to 

house drain 12600-190 84 

Pipes defective 12600-189 84 

Roof leaders : 12600-186 83 

Test required 12600-237 121 

240 122 

Connections with Cesspools 12600-173 78 

Construction of Vaults 12600-268 138 

Copper Flashing 12600-147 61 

194 86 

Copper Tubing- 
Quality and Gauge 12600-147 61 

Councils — 

Authority of 8, 13, 14, 150 

160 



Section Page 
County Commissioners — 

Authority of 13, 151 

Covering of work 12600-238 121 

Cuspidors .— 17 

Dental 12600-207 102 

Fountain 12600-207 102 

D 

Dead Ends 12600-166 76 

Defective work 12600-243 127 

Definition of Terms 51, 52 

Back vent pipe 51 

Conductors or roof leaders 51 

House drain 51 

House sewer 51 

Local or surface vent 51 

Plumbers' work 52 

Soil pipe 51 

Soil or waste vent 51 

Subsoil drain 52 

Trap 52 

Traps— Depth of Seal 52 

Vent pipe 51 

Waste pipe 51 

Dental Cuspidors — 

Indirect connection for 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 

Direct Connected Supply to 

Water Closets 12600-225 118 

Doors prohibited on water closet 

stalls 47 

Downspout — 

Connecting to sewer 

Approved construction — Plate 

No. 9 71 

Drainage— Excavation 12600-167 76 

Drainage — 

Below sewer level 12600-25a 130 

Of yard areas 12600-179 80 

To curb 12600-177 79 

Typical System — Illustration 

Plate No. 11 75 

(6) 161 



Section Page 
Drawings — 

(See Plates) 
Drinking Fountains — 

Indirect connection 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 

Size of branch 12600-138 54 

Size of trap 12600-138 54 

Drip Pipe Connections 12600-183 81 

Drum Traps 12600-160-B 69 

Duplex Construction — Plate No. 

1 62 

Duties of — 

Agents or managers of buildings * 27 

Boards of health 144 

County Commissioners : 144 

Councils 144 

Owners of Buildings 27 

State Inspector of Plumbing 1261-3 24 

E 

Each single fixture defined 12600-160-A 67 

Earth-closets — 

Location prohibited 28 

Earthenware Pipe 56 

Joints 12600-149 63 

Quality 12600-141 56 

To iron pipe 12600-150 63 

Earthenware fixtures with metal 

floor connections 12600—156 66 

Earthenware yard drains 12600-180 80 

Elevator connections 12600-185 82 

Approved installation Plate 

No. 16 83 

Enclosing of fixtures prohibited 12600-216 114 

Engineers — 
Attention 34, 141 

Ejectors vented 12600-252 130 

Ejectors for subsoil drainage 12600-254 131 

Exceptions, permissable for sep- 
arate sewer 12600-172 78 

Exhaust connections 12600-183 81 

Expansion Bolts 12600-159 67 

162 



F 

Section Page 

Factories — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Defined :. 1021 29 

Fees 1261-6 25 

Ferrules — 

Table of 12600-145 60 

Cup 12600-145 61 

155 64 

Files — 

To sharpen 153 

Fines and Costs 1261-14 27 

12600-279 33 

4414 148 

4418 149 

Fittings — 

Brass 12600-145 59 

Cast iron 12600-143 58 

Change of direction 12600-163 74 

Coating of 12600-142-C 57 

143-B 5S 

Kind 12600-163 74 

Malleable 12600-143-B 58: 

143-C 59- 

Prohibited 12600-164 74 

Fixture — - ^ 

Defined 12600-160-A 67 

Equivalent 12600-137 52 

How installed 12600-216 114 

Material 12600-212 114 

Floor Drain or Wash — 

Size of branch 12600-138 54 

Size of trap 12600-138 54 

Floors — 

Basement 45 

Diet kitchen 45 

Exception 12600-230 119 

.Operating rooms 45 

Toilet rooms 12600-230 119 

Vaults 12600-271 140 

Floor Plan of Toilet Room — 

Plate No. 43 142 

163 



Section Page 

Floor slab 12600-230 119 

Flushing Rims 12600-215 114 

Flushing Tanks 12600-229 119 

Automatic 12600-227 118 

Group of fixtures 12600-226 118 

Waste of water 12600-229 5, 119 

Flushometer Valves 12600-225 118 

Fountain Cuspidors — 

Indirect connection for 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plate No. 29 104 

Fresh Air Inlet 12600-160-F 70 

Frost-proof Closets 12600-223 118 

Full wipe-joints 12600-154 64 

G 

Garage drains and catch basins.... 109 
Garage catch basins — 
Approved construction — Plate 

No. 33 Ill 

Garage and stable wastes.. 12600-211 109 

Garbage can and receiver — 

Illustration Plate No. 38 128 

Garbage chute prohibited 46 

«Gas Appliances 17 

Gas Inspector — 

Appointment of 3988 150 

General Installation — Illustra- 
tion, Plate No. 34 113 

General Regulations 12600-162 to 170 74 

Glass — 
Amount required for toilet 

rooms 12600-54 40 

Amount required for class 

rooms 12600-^4 40 

Unit of measurement 41 

Grade of horizontal pipes 12600-162 74 

Grease trap 12600-210 109 

Grease catch basin and sink con- 
nections — Illustration — Plate 

No. 32 108 

Group of fixtures 12600-226 118 

164 



H 

Section Page 

Height of ceiling for toilet rooms 12600-232 120 

Homes — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 45 

Horse Power — 

Energy equivalent 153 

Hospitals — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 45 

Hotels- 
Classified 12600-1 35 

Hot water discharge prohibited 12600-184 82 

Cooling device — Plate No. 15.... 82 

House Drains — 

Connections to cesspools 12600—173 78 

Definition of term ^ 51 

Excavations 12600-167 76 

Inspections 12600-167 76 

235 121 

238 121 

Kind of joint— cast iron 12600-151 63 

Material allowed 12600-176 79 

Number of fixtures allowed on 12600-137 53 
Old house drains — use per- 
mitted 12600-174 79 

Relieving arches „... 12600-169 76 

Size of 12600-137 52 

Test required 12600-233 to 242, 120 to 127 

Underground 12600-175 79 

House trap permitted 12600-160-F 70 

Approved installation — Plate 

No. 8 70 

House Sewer or Main Drain — 

Connections to Settling Tank....l2600-173 78 

257 132 

Definition of term 51 

Distance from building, well 

or cistern 12600-178 80 

Dwelling in rear 12600-172 " 78 

How laid 12600-178 79 

Independent system 12600-171 78 

165 



Section Page 

Inspection 12600-167 76 

Joints between earthenware 

^nd iron 12600-150 63 

Kind of joint— earthenware 12600-149 63 

Kind of joints — cast iron 12600—151 63 

Material allowed 12600-178 79 

Number of fixtures allowed on 12600-137 53 

Size of 12600-137 52 

Humidity 21 

I 

Ice Box Waste 12600-207 102 

Illustrations — 
(See Plates) 

Increaser — how made 12600—157 66 

Increase of capacity of pipe 153 

Independent system of sewers.. 12600—171 78 

Inside conductors 12600-181 83 

Inspection — 

Before covering work 12600-238 ' 121 

Classification 10 

Definition of 10 

Final 12600-239 122 

House drain 12600-167 76 

235 121 

Local 8 

Not requreJ 12600-245 127 

Stable, garage and yard drains 12600—236 121 

State 9 

J 

Joints and Connections — 

Cast iron pipes 12600-151 63 

Earthenware to floor 12600-156 66 

Illustration — Plate No. 5 66 

Earthenware to iron 12600-150 63 

Earthenware pipe 12600-149 63 

Expansion bolts 12600-159 67 

Increasers and reducers 12600—157 66 

Lead pipe 12600-154 64 

Lead to iron 12600-155 64 

Prohibited 12600-158 67 

166 



Section Page 

Roof 12600-194 ^ 86 

Slip joints— prohibited 12600-153 63 

Unions, prohibited 12600-153 63 

Wrought iron to brass 12600-152 63 

Juvenile water closets 12600-65 42-44 

K 

Kitchen Catch Basins 12600-248 129 

Kitchen Wastes 12600-210 109 

Kitchens — 

Diet, jfloors of 45 

Ventilation of 45 

L 

Latrines and Range Closets 12600-222 116 

Leaching Wells 12600-259 132 

Construction of— Plate No. 39.. 133 
Distance from dwelling, well, 

spring or cistern 12600-261 134 

Lead Pipe 12600-144 59 

Compulsory 12600-156 66 

Joints lead to brass 12600-154 64 

Joints lead to lead 12600-154 64 

Joints lead to iron 12600-155 64 

Minimum weight allowed 12600-144 59 

Where allowed 12600-144 59 

191 84 

Lead flashing— size and weight.. 12600-146 61 

Licensing of Plumber 3637 8, 151 

Light for school rooms 12600-54 40 

Local Vent Pipes and Fittings — 

Materials used 12600-145 60 

147 61 

222 117 

Location of Sewage Tanks 12600-261 134 

Location of Fixtures 12600-206 102 

Location of Vaults 12600-267 . 136 

Lodge Buildings — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Sanitation 47 

Lodging Houses — 

167 



Section Page 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Loop Vent— how installed 97 

Lown Down Closets 12600-217 115 

M 

Manholes 12600-161-C 73 

Main house trap permitted 12600-160-F 70 

Approved installation — Plate 

No. 8 70 

Main Vent 12600-200 90 

How installed 12600-200 91 

Where required 12600-200 ' 90 

Materials for — 

Fixtures 12600-212 U4 

House sewer 12600-178 . 79 

Soil, waste and vent pipe 12600-191 84 

Mercantile Establishments — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Miscellaneous Sanitary Require- 
ments — 

Cuspidors 17 

Gas appliances 17 

Humidity 21 

Roller towel 17 

Sewer air 23 

Vacuum Cleaning 18 

Ventilation 18 

Ventilation of Garages 22 

Motors, Compressors, etc 12600-253 130 

N 
Nuisance — 

Abatement of 4420 144 

Cause of 13 

Unsanitary condition on school 

property 4424 146 

O 

Offsets in mains 12600—165 76 

Old House Sewers 12600-174 79 

Open Plumbing 12600-216 114 

Optics 12600-54 40 

168 



Section Page 

Outhouses 12600-269 140 

Outhouses for different sexes 12600-272 140 

Outhouse, typical construction, 

Plate No'. 42 139 

Outside conductors 12600-190 84 

Overflow pipes 12600-208 109 

Overflow pipes from cisterns 12600-180 80 

P 

Penal Institutions — 

Sanitation 45 

Penalties for Violations of — 

Board of Health Laws 4414 147 

Board of Health orders -. 4414 147 

Board of Health regulations 4414 147 

Board of Health rules 4414 147 

Part Four, Sanitation 12600-279 33 

282 34 

Sections 1261-1 to 15 1261-14 27 

Permanent water seal for cellar 

drains 12600-160-1 70 

Pipe- 
Brass 12600-145 59 

Cast iron 12600-142 57 

Channels, Dimensions of — 

Plate No. 44 143 

Coating of 12600-142-C 57 

Copper 12600-147 61 

Earthenware 12600-141 56 

Hooks prohibited 12600-170 78 

Increase of capacity 153 

Lead 12600-144 59 

Mild steel 59 

Space, Illustration— Plate No. 43 142 

Supports 12600-162 74 

12600-170 76 

Wrought Iron 12600-143 57, 59 

Plans and Specifications — 

To be submitted 1261-2 24 

To be approved 1261-2 24 

Plates Illustrating Code Sections — 

No. 1, Duplex Construction.... 62 

169 



Section Page 

No. 2, Brass Solder Nipples 64 

No. 3, Brass Bushings 65 

No. 4, Brass Ferrules 65 

No. 5, Brass Closet Floor 

Flange 66 

No. 6, Durham Bath Trap 68 

No. 7, Properly Constructed 

Drum Trap 68 

No. 8, Main House Trap 70 

No. 9, Downspout Connecting 

with Sanitary Sewer.... 71 

No. 10, Cleanouts 72 

No. 11, Typical Drainage 

System 75 

No. 12, Stack Supports 77 

No. 13, Foot Rests— cleanouts.. 77 
No. 14, Approved Boiler Blow- 
off 81 

No. 15, Cooling Device 82 

No. 16, Elevator Connection 83 

No, 17, Waste Pipe Stacks 85 

No. 18, Branch exceeding 25 ft. 88 

No. 19, Branch within the limit 

prescribed 89 

No. 20, Common Vents 92 

No. 21, Individual Venting 93 

No. 22, Main Vent Reconnect- 
ing 94 

No. 23, Circuit Vent— 3 floors..- 95 

No. 24, Circuit Venting 95 

Water closets, slop sinks 

and pedestal urinals.... 96 

No. 25, Common and back vent 99 

No. 26, Bath and basin wastes 

connecting to stack 100 

No.27, Y connection permitted 101 

No. 28, Bar and Soda Fountain 

waste connections 103 

No. 29, Drinking Fountain, 

Fountain Cuspidor, 

Indirect connection to 
sewer, 

170 



Section Page 

Economical back vent 105 

No. 30, Refrigerator first floor.. 106 

No. 31, Refrigerators two or 

more floors 107 

No. 32, Sink connections and 

grease catch basin 108 

No. 33, Approved construction 

for garage catch basin 111 

No. 34, General 113 

No. 35, Water Test 123 

No. 36, Final Test 125 

No. 37, Test Openings in vent 

stacks . 126 

No. 38, Garbage cans and re- 
ceivers 12S 

No. 39, Settling tank and leach- 
ing well 133 

No. 40, Location for settling 

tank 134 

No. 41, Location for privies 137 

No. 42, Typical privy vault and 

outhouse 139 

No. 43, Plans of toilet room 142 

No. 44, Dimension of pipe 

channels 143 

Platform Drain 12600-273 141 

Plumbing — 

Definition of 3 

Frost proof 4 

Insanitary conditions caused by 

defective plumbing 11 

Inspection 5 

Legislation and Standardiza- 
tion 6 

Low first cost is mistaken 

economy 6 

Relation to Health 3 

Re-inspection of 10 

Plumbing Inspector — 

Appointment of 8 

Duties of 9 

Qualifications of 9 

171 



Section Page 

Plumbers — 

Licensing of : 3637 8, 151 

Powers and Duties of — 

Boards of Health 144 

County Commissioners 144 

Councils of Municipalities 144 

Privy — 

Prohibited to connect with 

bakery 1013 28 

Privy Vaults — 

Location of 12600-267 136 

Permitted 12600-265 136 

Prohibited 12600-266 136 

Typical construction — Plate 

No. 42 ;.-.. 139 

Prohibited — 

Bath tubs 12600-221 116 

Conductor connections 12600-188 84 

Connections 12600-197 87 

Fittings 12600-164 74 

Joints 12600-158 - 67 

Pipe Hooks 12600-170 78 

Traps 12600-160-F 69 

Water closets 12600-218 115 

Public Baths and Bath Houses — 

Authority to build 14 

Baths in schools 14 

Benefits of 14 

Lack of bathing facilities 14 

PubKc Comfort Stations — 
Absence of responsible for 

nuisance 13 

Councils — authority to build.... 13 
County Commissioners — 

authority to build 13 

Necessity for 12 

Popular use of 13 

Public Drinking Fountains — 

Authority to install 14 

General Distribution of 

necessary 13 

172 



Section Page 

Public Wash Houses 15 

Pumps and Hydrants 12600-273 141 

R 

Railroad Sanitation 16 

Ran^e Closets 12600-222 116 

Receiving Tanks 12600-251 130 

Reducers 12600-157 66 

Refrigerator wastes 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plates Nos. 30 

and 31 106, 1-07 

Relieving arches 12600-169 76 

Repairs 12600-244 127 

Rest Rooms 12600-51 40 

Proposed amendments 40 

Roller Towel 17 

Roof Conductors — 

(See Conductors) 

Roof Extensions 12600-193 86 

Roof Flashings 12600-194 86 

Roof Gardens — 

Sanitation 48 

Roof Joints 12600-194 86 

Roof Leaders 12600-187 83 

Roof Leaders — Definition of 

Term 51 

Roof Terminals 12600-195 86 

S 

Safe waste and drips — 

Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 

Sanitary improvements for sum- 
mer resorts 15 

School Buildings — 

Capacity of rooms 12600-50 39 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Cubical contents 12600-50 39 

Dimensions of rooms 12600-50 39 

Floor space 12600-50 89 

Height of story 12600-50 39 

More than three stories in 



height 



173 



Section Page 

Optics 12600-54 4C 

Rest Rooms 12600-51 4C 

Proposed amendments and ad- 
ditions 40 

Sanitation 12600-65 41 

Proposed amendments and ad- 
ditions 43 

Settling Tank — 

Construction of— Plate No. 39 133 

Location of 12600-261 134 

Illustration— Plate No. 40 134 

Piping of 12600-263 135 

Size of 12600-258 132 

Sewage Tank 1260Q-257 132 

Location of -. 12600-261 134 

Permitted 12600-255 131 

Piping 12600-263 135 

Prohibited 12600-256 131 

Sewage Treatment Works 12600-264 135 

Sewer Air 23 

Sewer Gas 23 

Analysis of 23 

Sewer Tapper — 

Licensing of 3637 151 

Shop or Factory defined 1021 29 

Lighted, heated and ventilated 1021 29 

12590 31 

Shower Bath — 

Size of trap 12600-138 54 

Sinks (Wooden) — 

Prohibited 12600-220 115 

Sitz Bath- 
Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 

Size of — 

Back vents — maximum devel- 
oped length 12600-139 55 

Fixture traps 12600-138 54 

Fixture wastes 12600-138 54 

House drains 12600-137 52 

House sewers 12600-137 53 

Leaching wells 12600-259 132 

Local vent pipe stacks 12600—140 55 

174 



Section 

Soil pipe stacks 12600-137 52 

Settling Tanks 12600-258 132 

Vent pipe stacks 12600-139 55 

Waste pipe stacks 12600-137 52 

Sizes of Pipes — 

Earthenware increased 12600—137 53 

Soil pipe 12600-137 53 

200 90 

Traps 12600-138 54 

Skylights 12600-54 41 

Slip joints prohibited 12600-153 63 

Slop Sink — 

Size of trap and branch 12600-138 54 

Smoke Test — 

Imperative 12600-242 127 

Optional 12600-241 124 

Soda Fountain Wastes — 

Indirect connections for 12600-207 102 

Illustration— Plate No. 28 103 

Soil Pipe — 

Coating 12600-142-C 57 

Definition of term 51 

Grade 12600-142-A 57 

Weight 12600_142-B 57 

Soil Stacks — 

Three inch 12600-137 53 

200 90 

Soil and Waste Extensions — 

Plates Nos. 18 and 19 88,89 

Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes 12600-205 97 

Soil Vent- 
Definition of term 51 

Soldering Nipples 12600-145 61 

Sound Proof Partitions.... 12600-231 120 

Sphere — 

To find surface of 153 

To find cubic inches in 153 

Stable Wastes 12600-211 109 

Stack Heaters 12600-222 117 

Stack Supports 12600-170 76 

Illustrations — ^Plates Nos. 12 

and 13 77 

175 



Section Page 

State Board of Health — 

Prosecution and proceedings 1247 149 

State Inspector of Plumbing — 

Appointment of 1261-2 24 

Qualifications of 1261-2 24 

Steam — 

Pressure at boiling point 153 

Storm Water Drain — 
Approved installation — Plate 

No. 11 75 

Subsoil Catch Basins 12600-247 129 

Subsoil drainage below sewer 

level 12600-254 131 

Subsoil Drains 12600-181 80 

How connected to sewer — 

Illustration, Plate No. 11 75 

Summer Resorts — 

Sanitary improvement of 15 

Sumps and Ejectors " 12600-251 130 

Drainage below sewer level 12600-250 130 

Motors, Compressors 12600-253 130 

Vented 12600-252 130 

Sweat Shops — 

Rooms regulated : 1020 28 

Entrance required 1021 29 

Water closets for 1022 29 

Inspector may require changes.. 1023 30 

T 

Table of— 

Amount of fresh air that should 
be furnished each person per 

hour 20 

Circumferences and area of 

circles 154 

Contents of — 

Pure air 20 

Respired air 20 

Cubical contents of sleeping 

rooms 21 

Floor space in sleeping rooms.... 21 

Pressure of water per square 

176 



Section Page 

inch at different elevations... . 155 

Size of local vent pipes 56 

Size of soil pipes 53 

Size of traps 54 

Size of vent pipes 55 

Size of waste pipes 53 

Titles and numbers 50 

Weights of — 

Brass ferrules 60 

Brass pipe per foot 60 

Cast iron pipe per foot 57 

~ Lead pipe per foot 59 

Solder nipples 61 

Wrought iron pipe per foot... -58 
• Tenement Houses — 

! Classified 12600-1 35 

Terminals of vent pipes 12600-195 86 

I Terminals adjoining high build- 
ings 12600-196 86 

♦pgcfc 

Air 12600-233 120 

235 121 

240 122 

Alterations 12600-235 121 

Conductor Pipes 12600-237 121 

Covering Work 12600-167 ' 76 

238 121 

Defective Work 12600-243 127 

Extensions 12600-235 121 

Final 12600-239 122 

Furnished by plumber 12600-234 121 

House drain 12600-235 121 

Labor for .^ 12600-234 121 

Material for 12600-234 121 

Nature of 12600-233 120 

Not required , 12600-245 127 

Openings in vent stacks, Plate 

No. 37 126 

Order of 12600-234 121 

Repairs 12600-235 121 

244 127 

<7) 177 



Section 

Roughing-in 12600-233 

Smoke 12600-241 

Smoke, imperative 12600-242 

Stable, garage 12600-236 

Water 12600-240 

Water, not available 12600-240 

Yard drains ?. 12600-236 

Theatres — 

Classified 12600-1 

Theatres and Assembly Halls 12600-32 

Fixtures required 12600-32 

Proposed amendments and ad- 
ditions .-•- 

Sanitation 12600-32 

Toilet Rooms Marked 12600-32 

Three inch soil pipe 12600-137 

200 
Title, Number, and Name of — 

Title, I. Size of pipes 

Title, II. Material, Quality and 
Weight 

Title, III. Joints and Connec- 
tions 

Title, IV. Traps and Cleanouts 

Title, V. General Regulations.... 

Title, VI. House sewerage and 
Drains 

Title VII. Yard, subsoil and 
other Drains 

Title, VIII. Roof Conductors 
and Leaders 

Title, IX. Soil, Waste and Vent 
pipes 

Title, X. Refrigerator, Safe 
and Special Wastes 

Title, XI. Fixtures 

Title, XII. Toilet Rooms 

Title, XIII. Inspection and 
Tests 

Title, XIV.* Catch Basins'.'. 

Title, XV. Sumps and Ejectors 

Title, XVI. Sewage Tanks 

178 



Section Page 
Title, XVIII. Sewage Treat- 
ment Works 135 

Title, XVIII. Vaults 136 

Title, XIX. Pumps and Hy- 
drants - 141 

Toilet Rooms — 

Base :.- 12600-230 119 

Doors and Partitions 12600-232 120 

Floor Plan— Plate No. 43 142 

Floors 12600-230 119 

Floor Slab 12600-230 119 

Floor Slab— Exception 12600-230 119 

Height 12600-232 120 

Location Prohibited 1013 28-47 

Separately marked 37,43,47,48,49 

Sound Proof Partitions 12600-231 120 

Towels— Roller 17 

Traps- 
Accessible for cleaning 12600-161-D 73 

Back Vented 12600-203 91 

Cleanouts 12600-160-D 69 

Deep Seal 12600-209 109 

Definition of 52 

Depth of seal required 12600-160-C 69 

For hot water discharge 12600-183 81,82 

Distance from fixture allowed 12600-160-A 67 

Drum— how installed 12600-160-B 69 

For cellar drains 12600-160-1 70 

For latrines 12600-222 117 

For refrigerators 12600-207 105 

For stable waste catch basin.... 12600-211 109 

Grease traps for kitchen sinks.. 12600-210 109 

Kind 12600-160-B 67 

Level and protection 12600-160-E 69 

Location 12600-160-D 73 

Main house trap permissable.... 12600-160-F 70 

Manholes for 12600-161-C 73 

Material allowed 12600_160-B 69 

Permanent water seal 12600-160-1 70 

Prohibited in drains 12600-160-F 69 

Prohibited to connect to water 

closet 12600-160-G 70 

179 



Section Page 

Protection from back pressure.. 12600-203 91 

Specifications for plain traps.... 12600-160-B 67 

Vent or back vent 12600-203 91 

Vent connections 12600-204 92 

Visible seal required 12600-214 114 

Water seal 12600-160-C 69 

183 82 

Where required 12600-160-A 67 

Typical Drainage System — 

Plate No. 11 75 

U 

Unions — 

On sewer side of trap 12600-153 63 

Prohibited 12600-153 63 

Urinals 12600-219 115 

Flushing devices 12600-228 119 

General provisions 12600-219 115 

Gutters _ 12603-209 109 

219 115 

Safes and platforms 12600-209 109 

Size of branch— pedestal 12600-138 54 

Size of branch— trough 12600-138 54 

Size of trap— pedestal 12600-138 54 

Size of trap— trough 12600-138 54 

Trough and gutters 12600-228 119 

Width of stalls 12600-232 120 

Useful information 152 

V 

Vacuum cleaning 18 

Vaults— 

Cleanout doors 12600-270 140 

Construction of 12600-268 138 

Existing 12600-266 136 

Floor 12600-268 138 

271 140 

Location of 12600-267 136 

Outhouses 12600-269 140 

Outhouses— sexes 12600-272 140 

Permitted 12600-265 136 

Prohibited 12600-266 136 

180 





Section 


Page 


Typical construction — 






Plate No. 42 




139 


Ventilation 




18 


Bakeries 


1012 
12590 


28 


Buildings for public use 


31 


Cells and Dungeons 




46 


Garages 




22 


Hospitals 




21 


Kitchens 




46 


Latrines 


12600-222 


116 


Local — size of pipe 


12600-140 


55 


Local — where required 


12600-206 


102 


Mechanical 


12600-206 


102 




222 


116 


Rooms containing patients with 






contagious or infectious dis- 






eases 




21 


Toilet rooms 


12600-206 


102 


Vent Pipes — 






Definition of term 




51 


Distance of terminal from win- 




dows, scuttles and air shafts.. 


12600-195 


86 


Fittings 


12600-142 


57 




143 


58 


Material for 


12600-142 


57 




143 


58 




144 


59 




191 


84 


Prohibited on outside wall 


12600-196 


86 


Prohibited — used as waste 


12600-197 


87 


Vent or fume pipe a necessity.... 




17 


Vent— 






And back vent where required 


12600-203 


91 


And back vent common — 






Illustration, Plate No. 25 




99 


And back vent not required 


12600-205 


97 


Back Vent — definition of term- 




51 


Circuit Vent Installation 




97 


Illustrations— Plates Nos. 23 




and 24 




95,96 

90 


Distance from fixture 


12600-199 




205 


97 


181 







Section Page 

For cesspools 12600-262 135 

For ejectors 12600-252 130 

Grades and Connections 12600-201 91 

Increased 12600-139 55 

193 86 
Individual, Illustrations — 

Plates Nos. 21 and 22... 93, 94 

Length from trap allowed 12600-199 90 

Length from point of measure- 
ment 12600-199 90 

Local or surface — definition of 

term 51 

Loop Vent Installation 97 

Main, soil or waste vent — 

Definition of term 51 

Main Vent— how installed 12600-200 91 

Main Vent reconnected to soil 

or waste vent 12600-200 91 

Main Vent, where required 12600-200 90 

Outhouses and cesspools. 12600-262 135 

269 140 

Reconnected to stack 12600-198 87 

200 91 

Refrigerator trap 12600-207 105 

Soil Vent- 
Definition of term 51 

Trap 12600-252 130 

Sump 12600-199 90 

203 91 
Venting fixtures back to back — 

Plate No. 20 92 

W 

Wash rooms for bakeries 1013 28 

Waste Pipe — 

Definition of term 51 

Material allowed 12600-191 84 

Stacks — 

Approved installation — Plate 

No. 17 85 

Stacks— Roof Extension 12600-193 86 

182 



Section Page 

Stacks, where compulsory 12600-192 84 

To wall 12600-199 90 

216 114 

Waste Vent— 

Definition of term 51 

Water- 
courses and sewers (Power of 

Council) 150 

Evaporation of cubic foot 153 

Pounds consumed per H. P...... 153 

Pressure of, per square inch 155 

Weight of cubic foot 153 

Weight of gallon 153 

To find height of head 154 

To find pressure 154 

Water Closets — 

Apart from bake rooms 1013 28 

Bowls 12600-213 114 

For shop or factory 1022 29 

Juvenile 12600-65 42 

Latrine 12600-222 116 

Prohibited 12600-218 115 

Supply 12600-225 118 

Supply to fixtures 12600-224 118 

Water Test— how made 12600-240 122 

Water Test Illustration — 

Plate No. 35 123 

Water closet stall — doors pro- 
hibited 47 

Water Supply and Service 3 

Control 3 

Distribution 3 

Danger of pollution 4 

Frost proof 4 

Inferior stops and valves 4 

Leakage and wastage 5 

Removal of wastes 5 

Water-tight joints 12600-148 61 

Width of properly lighted school 

rooms 12600-^4 41 

Windows 12600-54 41 

183 



Section Page 

Windows in External Wall 12600-54 41 

206 102 

Wood Floor—permitted 12600-230 119 

Wood Floor — prohibited beneath 

water closets 12600-230 120 

Wooden Joist Construction 12600-156 66 

Wooden Sinks 12600-220 115 

Wooden Wash Trays 12600-220 115 

Workshops — 

Classified 12600-1 35 

Wrought Iron Pipe — 

And brass joints 12600-152 63 

Coating 12600-142-C 57 

Thickness and weight ,.. 12600-143-A 57 

Wrought Iron to Cast Iron 

Joints 12600-153 63 

Y 

Vard Catch Basin 12600-246 129 

Yard Subsoil and Other Drains.. 12600-179 80 



184 



